Inhibition of hyphal formation together with biochar addition promotes erythritol production by Yarrowia lipolytica

This study aimed to investigate the effect of hyphal formation in Yarrowia lipolytica and biochar addition on erythritol production by submerged fermentation. Hyphal formation significantly inhibited erythritol production by Y. lipolytica. Transcriptome analysis suggested that the impaired erythritol synthesis of hyphal cells was associated with the differential expression of genes involved in amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, and cell wall stability. Deletion of RAS2 responsible for yeast-to-hypha transition and EYD1 included in erythritol degradation blocked hyphal formation and improved erythritol production. Biochar prepared from corncob, sugarcane bagasse (SB), corn straw, peanut shell, coconut shell, and walnut shell (WS) had a positive effect on erythritol production, of which WS pyrolyzed at 500 degrees C (WSc) performed the best in flask fermentation. In a 3.7 L bioreactor, 220.20 +/- 10 g/L erythritol with a productivity of 2.30 +/- 0.10 g/L/h was obtained in the presence of 1.4% (w/v) WSc and 0.7% SBc (SB pyrolyzed at 500 degrees C) within 96 h. These results suggest that inhibition of hyphal formation together with biochar addition is an efficient way to promote erythritol production.