Optimizing the Organization of the First Mile in Agri-Food Supply Chains with a Heterogeneous Fleet Using a Mixed-Integer Linear Model

Consumers are increasingly demanding high-quality food, which presents significant challenges for agricultural supply chains. While the majority of research in the agri-food sector has concentrated on optimizing logistics costs and meeting demand by focusing on minimizing the last mile, the complexity of the first mile in the agricultural supply chain has been less explored. Farmers must efficiently manage the harvesting process and the transportation of harvested produce to consolidation centers to ensure the delivery of high-quality products. This paper addresses this research gap by introducing a mixed-integer programming model that leverages vehicle routing problem concepts to optimize the logistics processes involved in transporting harvested products from various fields to a central depot. The primary objective is to minimize total logistics costs associated with visiting different fields during a pick-up round using multiple vehicles. The model has been applied to a case study involving an agricultural cooperative in Greece as part of the European BBTWINS project, which aims to enhance agri-food value chain digitalization for improved resource efficiency. The results demonstrate that organizing the first mile of the agri-food supply chain with a cooled vehicle for pick-up rounds can reduce logistics costs by up to 40% compared to the current practices.