Research on Impact Factors of Chinese Urban Residents' Voluntary Carbon-Reducing Behaviour Based on the Moderating Role of Flexible Nudging

Urban residents' behaviour is the primary cause of carbon emissions; flexible nudge encourages individuals to voluntarily adopt a certain behaviour to cut that down. This study proposed a definition, dimensions, and a theoretical model of voluntary carbon-reducing behaviour. Results from testing 902 valid questionnaires showed that: 1) private voluntary carbon-reducing behaviour is better implemented than public behaviour; 2) significant differences exist in age, marital status, and educational level; 3) psychological variables indirectly affect voluntary carbon-reducing behaviour through intention; 4) flexible nudging has significant moderating roles. Guiding strategies are suggested to encourage urban residents to voluntarily reduce carbon emissions.