A 10-day theta burst stimulation intervention facilitates the clinical rehabilitation of patients following an isolated limb fracture: A longitudinal SHAM-controlled pilot study.

OBJECTIVE:We investigated if theta burst stimulation (TBS) could enhance recovery by reducing key symptoms when implemented acutely post-fracture in participants with an isolated upper limb fracture (IULF). METHODS/DESIGN:This was a pilot study with a randomized matched pair, sham-controlled, participant-blind design of a 10-day prolonged continuous TBS protocol. Two main groups were included: I) participants with IULF receiving active TBS; and II) patients with IULF receiving SHAM/placebo. Another group (III) of healthy individuals were the reference group. Disability and pain intensity were collected through questionnaires (DASH & NRA) at three timepoints (baseline; 72 h post-intervention & 3 months post-injury). Group III completed the baseline assessment. RESULTS:79 participants were enrolled. Individuals in the ACTIVE and SHAM groups had similar baseline measures. For disability, the interaction between Intervention and Time approached significance (F = 2.33; p = 0.11), whereas it was significant for pain (F = 3.42; p = 0.04). At 3 months post-injury, the ACTIVE group reported reduced disability (F = 4.71; p = 0.04) and pain (F = 5.84; p = 0.02) at three months post-injury compared to the SHAM group, with clinical measures from ACTIVE group being like controls. CONCLUSIONS:In IULF patients, a 10-day TBS intervention implemented acutely post-trauma had beneficial effects on symptoms of functional recovery and pain at 3 months post-trauma.