The dynamics of smallholder cattle business systems in Zambia: Geographical opportunities, challenges and sustainability business implications

The study examines the potential of Zambia's cattle industry as a solution to food insecurity, while also addressing obstacles such as climate change, disease outbreaks and limited technology adoption. Employing the desktop review study design and drawing on data from the 2022 Livestock Survey Report and the 2017/2018 fisheries and livestock census, augmented by a systematically conducted literature review encompassing 63 peer-reviewed articles, the study provides insights into the geographical dynamics, challenges and opportunities within Zambia's cattle subsector. It identifies key factors influencing sustainable livestock production, including cattle management systems, environmental characteristics and socio-economic factors. Government policies, market dynamics and infrastructure development are highlighted as moderating factors shaping the viability of cattle enterprises. The study reveals notable variations in cattle populations across regions and identifies obstacles faced by smallholder farmers, including limited financing and regulatory burdens. Despite challenges, the study suggests that fostering sustainable cattle business models in Zambia is achievable through innovative strategies such as enhancing value propositions and improving market access. By addressing these challenges and seizing opportunities, Zambia can enhance its cattle industry, contributing to sustainable development, food security and economic prosperity.