Common Carotid Artery Intima Media Thickness (CIMT) in Patients with Prediabetes and Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Aim: To evaluate the relationship between common carotid artery intima media thickness (CIMT) in patients with prediabetes and new-onset diabetes mellitus without proven cardiovascular disease and some classic cardiometabolic risk factors. Patients and methods: The study included 461 obese patients with an average age of 53.2 +/- 10.7 years, divided into three groups - group 1 without carbohydrate disturbances (n =182), group 2 with prediabetes (n = 193) and group 3 with newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus (n = 86). Results: The patients with new-onset diabetes had significantly higher mean CIMT values compared to those with prediabetes or without carbohydrate disturbances and a higher frequency of abnormal IMT values. CIMT correlated significantly with age, systolic BP, diastolic BP and fasting blood glucose and showed a high predictive value for the presence of diabetic neuropathy and sudomotor dysfunction. Patients with abnormal CIMT values had a higher incidence of arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome, peripheral neuropathy, and sudomotor dysfunction. Patients who developed type 2 diabetes during follow-up had a significantly higher initial mean CIMT, which showed the highest predictive value for the risk of new-onset diabetes, with CIMT >= 0.7 mm having 53 % sensitivity and 83 % specificity for the risk of progression to diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: Patients with new-onset diabetes mellitus had significantly greater intima media thickness of the common carotid artery and a greater frequency of abnormal CIMT values compared to those with normoglycemia and prediabetes. CIMT has a high predictive value for the presence of diabetic neuropathy, sudomotor dysfunction and the risk of new onset diabetes.