Modeling Wind Turbines to Assess Impact of Offshore Wind Farms on Maritime X- and S-band Radars

This article discusses several aspects related to modeling the impact of offshore wind farms on maritime radar systems operating in the X and S bands. The first part of the paper focuses on theoretical models and analyses, taking into account radio shadowing and false radar echoes. Additionally, the issue of spatial modeling of wind turbines, with diffraction phenomena considered, is reviewed with the help of suitable propagation models. By relaying on a software-based implementation of the proposed model, the authors carried out a detailed simulation of the impact of wind turbines on radar systems operating in the X and S bands. The results of these simulations are presented and discussed in the second part of the article.