首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is one of the most common sleep disorders, which is closely related to a variety of cardiovascular diseases, and has become one of the key directions for the control and prevention of cardiovascular disease risk factors. In recent years, many clinical studies have confirmed that OSA is closely related to the initiation and evolution of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Therefore, this article summarized the status quo of clinical studies on OSA and ACS, the shortcomings of current studies, and prospects for future research directions.

Coronary heart disease(CHD)is one of the most prevalent cardiovascular diseases in China,with a continuously growing patient population,presenting numerous challenges for personalized and precise treatment.Artificial intelligence(AI),leveraging its advantages in processing and analyzing medical data,integrates clinical information,imaging examinations,and various omics analyses to provide clinicians with accurate diag-nostic and treatment recommendations.AI plays a crucial role in risk prediction,diagnostic optimization,and the development of personalized treatment strategies.This article explores the applications of AI in the diagnosis and treatment of CHD,analyzing its contributions and challenges in risk prediction,diagnostic optimization,and treatment decision-making,while also envisioning its future developmental in the field of cardiovascular medicine.

Background More and more attention has been paid to the training of medical students'doctor-patient communication skills.It was necessary to improve the doctor-patient communication skills of general medicine postgraduates.Objective To explore the current situation of doctor-patient communication ability of postgraduates in general medicine and the influence of mentors on it.Methods A total of 72 full-time postgraduate students majoring in general practice,who were being supervised by 66 full-time postgraduate supervisors from the School of General Practice and Continuing Education of Capital Medical University from January to December 2023,were selected as the research subjects.The doctor-patient communication skills of the postgraduate students and their supervisors were evaluated using the SEGUE scale,and evaluate the gap between them and Beijing general practitioners and outpatient doctors in tertiary hospitals;the correlation analysis between the communication ability of the supervisors and the students in Pearson.Results The professional master's degree students majoring in general practice scored lower than Beijing general practitioners in the dimensions of preparation,information collection,information provision,understanding patients,ending the consultation and the total score(P＜0.05),and scored lower than the general practitioners in the tertiary grade A hospitals in Beijing in the dimensions of information collection,information provision,ending the consultation and the total score(P＜0.05).According to whether the main clinical training unit is the supervisor group,the graduate students are divided into the accompanying supervisor group and the not accompanying tutor group.The preparation stage,information collection dimension score and total score of the accompanying tutor group were higher than the unrelated tutor group(P＜0.05).With the supervisor group,the preparation stage,information collection,information giving,patient understanding,end of the SEGUE scale and the total score were positively correlated(P＜0.05).A positive correlation was observed between the graduate students and the supervisor SEGUE scale in the supervisor group(P＜0.05).Conclusion The doctor-patient communication skills of general medicine postgraduates need to be further improved.The doctor-patient communication skills of postgraduates were closely related to their tutors.Appropriate optimization of the training mode of general medicine postgraduates should help to improve the doctor-patient communication skills of general medicine postgraduates.

Behavior and lifestyle interventions (BLIs) can reduce blood glucose and blood pressure, regulate blood lipids, control obesity, reduce cardiovas cular events and are a first-line treatment for chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus. BLIs include helping patients maintain a healthy diet, adhere to physical exercise, maintain a normal weight, ensure good sleep, avoid smoking and alcohol abuse, make good psychological adjustments, establish good social support, as well as scientific self-monitoring of blood glucose and adherence to drug therapy. Except for the severe hyperglycemia and acute complications requiring medication, patients with newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus should first undergo BLIs. BLIs should follow the principles of effectiveness-centered, mutual trust establishment, problem-solving orientation, integration, and individulization. Common strategies for BLIs include applying behavior change theories, utilizing behavior change technologies, effectively emlpoying communication strategies, improving patient behavior skills, and implementing patient-centered self-management education and support (DSMES). The steps of BLIs include evaluating behavior, lifestyle and their influencing factors, setting behavioral goals, developing intervention plans, and conducting interventions and effectiveness evaluation. The evaluation measures for the effectiveness of BLIs include process indicators, clinical outcomes, socio-psychological and behavioral outcomes, patient reports, and health outcomes. Evaluation can be performed using a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. Common evaluation tools include the SDSCA, PAM, and DMSES.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of Periostin and transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1)in the formation of acne scars and their relationship,in order to provide basis for the effective treatment of acne scars.Methods A total of 110 patients with acne admitted to our hospital from September 2021 to September 2024 were selected as the observation objects.According to the severity of scar,the observation group was divided into no scar group(33 ca-ses),mild scar group(29 cases),moderate scar group(26 cases)and severe scar group(22 cases).The general data,Periostin and TGF-β1 levels in different scar severity groups were compared.The correlation between Periostin,TGF-β1 and scar severity in acne patients was analyzed by Spearman method.The correlation between Periostin and TGF-β1 was analyzed by Pearson method,and the receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC)curve was drawn to analyze the diagnostic value of Periostin and TGF-β1 for acne scar formation.Results The levels of Periostin and TGF-β1 in the non-scar group,mild scar group,moderate scar group and severe scar group increased in turn,and there were differences between the groups(P＜0.05).Spearman correlation analysis showed that the levels of Periostin and TGF-β1 were pos-itively correlated with the severity of scar in acne patients(r=0.587,0.576,P＜0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed that Periostin level was positively correlated with TGF-β1 level in acne patients(r=0.745,P＜0.05).ROC curve analysis showed that the AUC of Periostin and TGF-β1 for single and combined diagnosis of acne scarring were 0.712,0.708,and 0.849,respectively,and the AUC of combined diagnosis was the highest.Conclusion Periostin and TGF-β1 can effectively evaluate the severity of scar in acne patients,and their levels can effectively diagnose acne scar formation,which can be used as a reliable indicator for early diagnosis of scar formation in acne patients.