安德鲁斯大学

Saturn has been shown to exhibit periodicities ranging from minutes to days. A comprehensive understanding of the various physical drivers, their characteristic periodicities, and their potential interconnectedness is lacking, particularly in the context of overall mass (Saturn's net source/loss similar to 50-100 kg/s) and magnetic flux (net = 0) transport. The paper focuses on periodicities ranging from Saturn's ubiquitous quasi-period of 60 min (QP60) to less than the planetary rotation period (similar to 10.7 hr). For this study, we utilized a magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) simulation in conjunction with data from the Cassini spacecraft. We implemented the mutual information (MI) analysis on a source-free Grid Agnostic MHD for Extended Research Applications (GAMERA) simulation to investigate the different quasi-periodicities present in Saturn's magnetosphere and their implications for transport. We found a feedback relation between duskward-propagating Kelvin-Helmholtz (KH) surface waves forming at the subsolar magnetopause boundary and injection flows due to magnetotail reconnection. The KH surface waves have a natural period of roughly 1 hour; however, the feedback relationship occasionally amplifies the KH waves, leading to a 2-4 hr period.

Ethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass offers a sustainable alternative but is challenged by inhibitors that impair microbial metabolism, requiring advanced modeling. To address this, a serial hybrid soft sensor combining a mechanistic model with a long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network was developed. This approach predicts concentrations of cells, total reducing sugars (TRS) and ethanol by integrating online signals from process analytical technology (PAT) signals, such as capacitance, oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), temperature and pH together with outputs from the mechanistic model. The hybrid model outperformed standalone mechanistic and LSTM models, achieving a relative standard deviation (RSD) in cell concentration of 4.34 % (vs. 11.1 % and 6.8 %) with an R2 of 0.89; in TRS, 21.0 % (vs. 30.68 % and 30.86 %) with an R2 of 0.95; and in ethanol, 6.10 % (vs. 7.31 % and 7.56 %) with an R2 of 0.98. In this serial architecture, a mechanistic core based on established Monod and Luedeking-Piret kinetics processes transient fluctuations and provides an interpretable framework whose parameters conceptually can support extension to pilot and industrial scales. The subsequent LSTM network learns residual corrections relative to the mechanistic kinetic core by incorporating multiple PAT signals simultaneously. This provides real-time information that enhances prediction accuracy, rather than reconstructing the complete dynamics from data.

Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a lifelong neurodevelopmental condition for which timely diagnosis is critical to early intervention, family support, and equitable access to care. However, substantial disparities in access to ASD diagnostic services persist across socioeconomic, geographic, clinical, and health-system contexts. This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesized evidence on determinants of access across the ASD diagnostic pathway, from recognition and referral to diagnostic completion and timely diagnosis. Methods: We systematically searched MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Global Health, and grey-literature sources for studies published between January 2004 and December 2024. Eligible studies examined determinants of ASD diagnostic completion, diagnostic pathways, diagnostic timeliness, or barriers and facilitators to diagnostic access. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed methodological quality using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). Quantitatively comparable estimates were synthesized using random-effects models with restricted maximum likelihood estimation. Heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran's Q, I2, tau2, and 95% prediction intervals. Pre-specified subgroup analyses, meta-regression, sensitivity analyses, funnel-plot assessments, and Bayesian random-effects analyses were undertaken. Results: The search identified 4,899 records; after removal of 537 records without associated data, 4,362 records underwent title/abstract screening. 3,800 records were excluded, 562 reports were sought for retrieval, and 450 full-text reports were assessed after 112 could not be retrieved. Ultimately, 22 unique studies met the inclusion criteria. Nine unique studies contributed 23 quantitative effect estimates, while the remaining studies contributed to the narrative synthesis. The evidence covered socioeconomic, geographic, family, communication, screening, child developmental, provider, and health-system determinants. The overall random-effects meta-analysis yielded a pooled diagnostic access outcome of 74.1% (95% CI 65.8-81.1%), with substantial heterogeneity (Qe=209.95, p<0.001; I2=88.4%, 95% CI 79.1-94.4%; tau2=0.691) and a wide 95% prediction interval of 32.8-94.4%. Bayesian analysis produced a highly concordant pooled estimate of 73.3% (95% CrI 65.3-80.2%), with I2=87.5% and tau=0.833, and satisfactory MCMC convergence (R-hat=1.000). By outcome domain, pooled successful outcomes were highest for diagnostic pathways (89.3%, 95% CI 70.1-96.7%), followed by timely diagnosis (76.3%, 95% CI 62.9-86.0%), and lowest for diagnostic completion (67.1%, 95% CI 61.8-72.0%) (Qm=5.98, p=0.050). Timely diagnosis demonstrated particularly high heterogeneity (I2=91.2%), whereas diagnostic completion showed moderate heterogeneity (I2=40.6%). Across determinant domains, frequentist pooled estimates were 79.5% for child developmental/neurobehavioral factors, 74.2% for family/socioeconomic/perceptual factors, 68.0% for intervention/care-navigation factors, and 63.6% for provider/clinical recognition factors. Bayesian estimates were 76.7% (BF=53.76), 72.9% (BF=226.32), 64.3% (BF=25.60), and 53.7% (BF=0.684), respectively. Meta-regression indicated that determinant category (Qm=13.48, p=0.004) and effect measure (Qm=7.81, p=0.020) significantly explained between-study variation, whereas age group (p=0.203) and geographic region (p=0.453) did not. Family/socioeconomic factors had significantly larger effect sizes (B=2.703, 95% CI 0.661-4.744; p=0.009), as did child developmental/neurobehavioral factors (B=1.516, 95% CI 0.047-2.985; p=0.043). Potential small-study effects were detected by two of three asymmetry tests, although the Rosenthal fail-safe N was 1,723. Trim-and-fill identified seven potentially missing estimates, with an adjusted pooled effect of 68.4% (95% CI 27.7-109.1%). Importantly, exclusion of two influential outlying estimates produced a pooled outcome of 77.1% (95% CI 71.6-81.9%), indicating that the principal finding was robust. Conclusions: Approximately three-quarters of observed ASD diagnostic outcomes represented successful access, but the substantial heterogeneity indicates that diagnostic access is highly context-dependent. Families were more likely to successfully navigate diagnostic pathways than to complete diagnostic assessment, while timely diagnosis showed the greatest variability across settings. Family and socioeconomic circumstances and child developmental characteristics emerged as particularly important determinants, whereas provider-related effects were more heterogeneous and uncertain. Improving equitable ASD diagnosis requires interventions spanning the entire diagnostic pathway, including developmental surveillance, screening, referral coordination, family navigation, provider capacity, specialist availability, and mechanisms to ensure completion of diagnostic assessment. Greater longitudinal and implementation research is particularly needed in low- and middle-income countries, where diagnostic infrastructure and specialist capacity remain limited. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest. ### Author Declarations I confirm all relevant ethical guidelines have been followed, and any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee approvals have been obtained. Yes I confirm that all necessary patient/participant consent has been obtained and the appropriate institutional forms have been archived, and that any patient/participant/sample identifiers included were not known to anyone (e.g., hospital staff, patients or participants themselves) outside the research group so cannot be used to identify individuals. Yes I understand that all clinical trials and any other prospective interventional studies must be registered with an ICMJE-approved registry, such as ClinicalTrials.gov. I confirm that any such study reported in the manuscript has been registered and the trial registration ID is provided (note: if posting a prospective study registered retrospectively, please provide a statement in the trial ID field explaining why the study was not registered in advance). Yes I have followed all appropriate research reporting guidelines, such as any relevant EQUATOR Network research reporting checklist(s) and other pertinent material, if applicable. Yes All data produced in the present work are contained in the manuscript

Abstract This chapter examines the contribution of Edgar Morin’s complex thought to global citizenship education (GCE) and aims to promote it within the English-speaking academic community, where his work remains less widely integrated despite its profound implications for education. It argues that the modern crisis of education stems not only from fragmentation but from deeper epistemological limitations—our inherited ways of thinking that obscure the relational, evolving, and uncertain nature of knowledge. Morin challenges deterministic and reductionist perspectives, emphasizing the need for an education that acknowledges complexity, embraces contradiction, and fosters a planetary consciousness. Given the increasing global interconnectedness and the urgent challenges of our time, Morin’s perspective provides a crucial foundation for rethinking GCE beyond traditional curricular reforms. While some Latin American educational frameworks have begun to incorporate complexity-based approaches, systemic constraints and institutional inertia continue to hinder widespread adoption. This chapter highlights the tensions between innovation and traditional paradigms, illustrating how complexity thinking offers both a critique of existing structures and a pathway towards more dynamic, ethical, and adaptive models of education. Ultimately, it argues that a deeper engagement with Morin’s work could significantly enrich GCE by fostering a more integrative and reflexive educational paradigm.

This article attempts to provide a systematic account of Christ’s priesthood and the sanctification of believers. Approaching Scripture from a systematic perspective, the study focuses on the Epistle to the Hebrews, which is the only document in the NT that explicitly discusses Christ’s priesthood and also deals with the concept of holiness. The article begins with a descriptive reading of the occurrences of the language of holiness in Hebrews and then proceeds to a constructive account of the priesthood of Christ and the sanctification of believers, according to four dimensions of holiness (spatial, personal, ritual, and temporal). The main thesis of this article is that the cultic perspective formulated in this study uncovers a cosmic spiritual experience of holiness deeply rooted in Christological mediation. This perspective constitutes a larger and promising avenue for articulating relevant topics related to sanctification in systematic theology.