Li-rich layered oxides (LLOs) show tremendous potential as cathode materials for next-generation Liion batteries (LIBs) due to their high energy density and cost-effectiveness. However, several challenges, including lattice oxygen release, interface side reactions, and structural transitions, lead to rapid performance degradation, which limits their widespread application. To address these issues, a phasecompatible spinel Li1.25 Cr0.25 Ti1.5 O4 (LCTO) coating layer on LLOs, as well as Cr3+ and Ti4+ surface codoping, is successfully constructed. Based on the synergetic effect of the coating and co-doping, we intend to effectively enhance the structure stability and electrochemical performance upon cycling. Consequently, the optimized LLOs-LCTO-1 exhibits a capacity retention of 85.6 % and a voltage decay of 0.309 mV cycle-1 after 500 cycles at 1 C. In addition, an excellent rate capacity of 163.5 mAh g-1 is delivered at 5 C. This study provides a promising solution for enhancing the performance and stability of LLOs, paving the way for their broader application in LIBs. (c) 2025 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The editorial office of Journal of Materials Science & Technology.
Conventional knowledge graphs (KGs) struggle to integrate fragmented typhoon disaster data due to error accumulation and inadequate modeling of complex spatiotemporal relationships. To overcome this, we propose TyphoonKGent, an agent driven by large language models (LLMs), which employs hierarchical knowledge representation to structurally encode typhoon evolution and impacts. It decomposes KG construction into specialized tasks (role-playing, spatiotemporal completion, entity alignment, lifecycle determination, event identification) with domain-optimized Chain-of-Thought (CoT) generation to enhance LLM reasoning for geospatial tasks. Built via efficient LoRA-based fine-tuning of distilled LLaMA/Qwen models, TyphoonKGent improves accuracy by 30 % over non-finetuned baseline models and outperforms DeepSeek-R1 under 3-shot inference by 2 %-5 %. Furthermore, visualization applications confirm its effectiveness in trajectory analysis, impact mapping, and real-time decision support. The proposed TyphoonKGent enables end-to-end KG construction, cross-domain adaptability via customizable CoTs, task-specific fine-tuning, and scalable dynamic updates for disaster management.
The controlled synthesis of low-cost, high-activity and durable oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts used as substitutes for precious metals can effectively promote the practical application of metal-air batteries and fuel cells, but confronts with severe challenges at the present stage. Herein, bagasse-derived carbon originated from domestic garbage is successfully prepared and uses to catalyze oxygen reduction reaction. Bagasse-derived carbon material (BDNC64) with porous structure, high graphitization, high N content and more balanced N distribution with FeNx moieties reveals an outstanding ORR performance under the combination of CoCl2 and Fe (NO3)3 at 700 degrees C. The perfect 4-electron reduction pathway, outstanding durability and methanol crossover tolerance are thoroughly manifested. This research establishes a new practical approach for the preparation of biomass-derived carbon materials and their potential application in metal-air batteries and fuel cells.
Research on anti-dispersion grouting materials helps improve the retention and durability of grout under water-bearing or flowing-water conditions, reduce material consumption and environmental risks, and provide technical and theoretical support for the reliability and sustainability of ground reinforcement projects. This research utilized coal gangue (CG), fly ash (FA), and silica fume (SF) as raw materials rich in silicon and aluminum. Alkali activators with varying concentrations were prepared by mixing sodium silicate solution with NaOH, and a small quantity of admixture was added to develop a cost-effective anti-dispersion grouting material (AGM). The macro tests evaluating fluidity, setting time, water-to-land strength ratio under static water conditions, and retention rate under flowing water conditions of AGM were designed using the response surface method. The reaction mechanism of AGM was investigated XRD, FTIR, SEM-EDS, and NMR techniques. The results indicate that when the content of hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose (HEMC) is 0.5%, the modulus of water glass is 1.53M, and the concentration of alkali activator is 0.45, the optimal formula can be achieved. This material exhibits excellent flowability during construction, ensuring smooth grouting operations. It also demonstrates outstanding resistance to water scouring, forming a high-strength underwater consolidation body in static water environments.
The two-step flocculation process has garnered significant attention for its efficiency in treating mining wastewater. However, poor understanding of how microscopic mechanisms govern flocculation and sedimentation under different dosing sequences has impeded efforts to optimize fine tailings treatment. This study investigates the impact of altering the sequence of polyacrylamide-based flocculant addition on kaolinite flocculation.. By integrating molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with flocculation experiments, the bridging mechanisms between flocculants and kaolinite particles are elucidated. Results demonstrate that when cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) is dosed first, it exhibits strong adsorption onto kaolinite surfaces, yielding lower supernatant turbidity. Subsequent dosing of anionic polyacrylamide (APAM) forms stable complexation-bridging mechanisms with CPAM, significantly increasing the initial settling velocity. In contrast, nonionic polyacrylamide (NPAM) shows poor complexation, resulting in slower sedimentation. When NPAM is dosed first, hydrogen bonding dominates its interaction with kaolinite surfaces. Subsequent dosing of CPAM enhances surface adsorption and reduces turbidity, while dosing APAM extends the diffusion range and improves bridging performance, thereby accelerating flocculation. Dosing APAM first results in weaker interaction with kaolinite surfaces. Sequential dosing of APAM and CPAM achieves low turbidity, but the strong adsorption of CPAM restricts APAM diffusion, weakening bridging effects and marginally reducing settling velocity. Conversely, dosing weakly adsorbing NPAM afterward does not hinder APAM diffusion, enabling the widest diffusion range and optimal bridging performance, and consequently maximizing settling velocity. This study provides atomic/molecular level insights into the flocculation mechanisms of fine tailings in two-step processes, offering theoretical guidance for process optimization and flocculant design in industrial applications.
