The Australian Defence College (ADC) comprises three joint education and training organisations operated by the Australian Defence Force in Canberra, Australian Capital Territory:The ADC is commanded by a two-star officer, currently Major General Mick Ryan since January 2018. Each of the educational organisations is commanded by a one-star officer or Colonel (equivalent), titled Commandant of their organisation.In 2019, the Australian Defence College implemented its biggest organisational reform in almost two decades. The changes included the amalgamation of the Centre for Defence and Strategic Studies and the Australian Command and Staff College to form the Australian War College, to focus on Joint Professional Military Education. Individual training delivered by the Australian Defence Force Warfare Training Centre, Peace Operations Training Centre, Defence Force Chaplains College, Defence International Training Centre, and Defence Force School of Languages was centralised in the Australian Defence Force Training Centre.The first two organisations are sited at a campus at Weston, ACT.
Background RNA polymerase III-related or 4H leukodystrophy (POLR3-HLD) is an autosomal recessive hypomyelinating leukodystrophy characterized by neurological dysfunction, hypodontia and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. The disease is caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in POLR3A , POLR3B , POLR1C or POLR3K . Craniofacial abnormalities reminiscent of Treacher Collins syndrome have been originally described in patients with POLR3-HLD caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in POLR1C . To date, no published studies have appraised in detail the craniofacial features of patients with POLR3-HLD. In this work, the specific craniofacial characteristics of patients with POLR3-HLD associated with biallelic pathogenic variants in POLR3A , POLR3B and POLR1C are described. Methods The craniofacial features of 31 patients with POLR3-HLD were evaluated, and potential genotype–phenotype associations were evaluated. Results Various craniofacial abnormalities were recognized in this patient cohort, with each individual presenting at least one craniofacial abnormality. The most frequently identified features included a flat midface (61.3%), a smooth philtrum (58.0%) and a pointed chin (51.6%). In patients with POLR3B biallelic variants, a thin upper lip was frequent. Craniofacial anomalies involving the forehead were most commonly associated with biallelic variants in POLR3A and POLR3B while a higher proportion of patients with POLR1C biallelic variants demonstrated bitemporal narrowing. Conclusion Through this study, we demonstrated that craniofacial abnormalities are common in patients with POLR3-HLD. This report describes in detail the dysmorphic features of POLR3-HLD associated with biallelic variants in POLR3A , POLR3B and POLR1C .
The advent of the World Wide Web created new digital worlds consisting of networked blogs, websites, chatrooms and forums for every topic under the sun (or in the shadows). An unintended side effect of such digital communities is that they have enabled individuals with extreme beliefs to find others to validate their grievances and encourage them to action. One of the largest and most notable of these communities is known as the ‘Manosphere’, an anti-women digital world that foments extreme misogyny, dehumanising women and, at its deepest levels, advocating for violence against all things feminist. This chapter will lay out the contours of the Manosphere and illuminate the major threats arising from this online space.
This chapter will explore the distinct theories of change utilised by traditional peace operations and UN stabilisation operations. Over the past 20 years, mandates for UN peacekeepers have expanded to include civilian protection, extending state authority, and, now, tasks that verge on counterinsurgency and counterterrorism. These mandates exceed the “outer limits” of both traditional and multidimensional peacekeeping operations. To meet the requirements of these tasks, the UN has begun to field a new form of militarised peace operations—stabilisation operations. Traditional peace operations aim for conflict resolution while stabilisation operations focus on conflict management. This conflict management approach, which includes extension of state authority, requires stabilisation operations to be partial to the government and potentially hostile to non-state actors engaged in the conflict. The result is the potential reduction of political space available for genuine conflict resolution and sustainable peace. Comparing the United Nations India-Pakistan Observation Mission (UNIPOM) with the UN Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali (MINUSMA), this chapter highlights the different theories of change engaged by each mission and explores the repercussions of the UN’s new focus on conflict management.
Small targets tracking from image observations is a particularly difficult problem with unknown measurement variances. The Cardinality-Balanced Multi-target Multi-Bernoulli filter (CBMeMBer) is an optimal Bayes approach of multi-object filtering and it has outstanding performance over the opposite filters. Recently, CBMeMBer supported Variational Bayesian (VB) approximations have implemented for multi-target tracking with unknown measurement variances. However, VB-CBMeMBer filter implemented by known probability of detection, which is unsuitable for small targets tracking. Recently, the new approach known by track-before-detect (TBD) which is an efficient algorithm to track small objects. During this work, a completely unique VB-CBMeMBer-TBD filter presented to unravel the fluctuation problems of small target parameters like the probability of detection and therefore the variances of measurement. The simulation results confirm the robustness and effectiveness of the proposed filter.
