Broccoli is prone to rapid postharvest senescence and quality deterioration. Strigolactones (SLs) can mitigate postharvest quality deterioration by coordinating multiple physiological and biochemical processes. However, studies investigating the postharvest effects of SLs on broccoli remain limited. This study investigated the effects of GR24, a synthetic SL analog, and Tis-108, an SL biosynthesis inhibitor, on broccoli during storage using integrated physicochemical and transcriptomic analyses. GR24 (2 μM) delayed senescence by maintaining stomatal function, chloroplast morphology, and cell wall integrity while preserving texture, bioactive compounds, color attributes, and water content. GR24 reduced membrane lipid peroxidation and enhanced antioxidant capacity, as reflected by reduced malondialdehyde accumulation, maintained 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging capacity, modulated lignin and polyamine metabolism, enhanced phenylpropanoid metabolism and antioxidant enzyme activities, suppressed ethylene release, increased abscisic acid levels, and decreased jasmonic acid levels in postharvest broccoli. Transcriptome analysis identified key pathways, including starch and sucrose metabolism, flavonoid biosynthesis, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, the plant MAPK signaling pathway, and pentose and glucuronate interconversions. Six candidate transcription factors (ERF95, bHLH3, bHLH22, bZIP21, WRKY6, and WRKY8) were identified. Conversely, Tis-108 (3 μM) aggravated senescence at both the physiological and transcriptional levels. These findings define an SL-associated regulatory framework underlying the GR24-mediated delay of postharvest senescence in broccoli and provide experimental evidence to inform future research on vegetable senescence management.
It is commonly expected that maximally multipartite entangled states provide the richest quantum correlations and thus represent optimal quantum resources in the Schwarzschild black hole background. Here, by analyzing the genuine N-partite entanglement of fermionic modes near the event horizon, quantified via concurrence, we identify a counterintuitive phenomenon: in this curved spacetime, the genuine multipartite entanglement of a maximally entangled state can be lower than that of a suitably chosen non-maximally entangled state. This observation implies that, from the perspective of quantum resource efficiency, non-maximally entangled multipartite states may outperform their maximal counterparts for quantum information tasks under gravitational effects. Therefore, preparing appropriately engineered non-maximally entangled multipartite states as initial resources provides a more practical and effective approach to quantum information processing in Schwarzschild spacetime.
Elements exhibiting three stable current plateaus enable ternary logic, reducing interconnect load, and simplifying decision-making compared to binary logic. We show that a single off-resonant, linearly polarized optical drive can produce such plateaus in honeycomb monolayers, with the polarization angle alpha controlling the band gap and electronic transport. In the high-frequency regime, we derive an effective Floquet Hamiltonian in which the hopping amplitudes are renormalized by angle-dependent Bessel functions. The response is 180 degrees-periodic: generic orientations reduce the point-group symmetry, whereas mirror-aligned angles restore D2h symmetry and pin the extrema of the band gap. Quantum transport calculations for a finite armchair-terminated silicene nanoribbon reveal a polarization-controlled crossover from evanescent to resonant transport. The drive amplitude A sets the overall gap scale, while alpha redistributes spectral weight and mode overlap. These effects together yield three robust current plateaus, each persisting over a wide range of A and tolerating approximate to 10 degrees variations in alpha. This mechanism applies across honeycomb monolayers, providing design rules for light-controlled multivalued electronics.
Inorganic–organic hybrids based on polyoxometalates (POMs) have been regarded as promising materials for preparation of capacitors and electrochemical sensors, due to excellent redox property of POMs and structural stability during undergoing reversible multi−electron transfer process. For developing POM–based hybrids with energy storage and electrochemical properties, herein, two copper compounds based on octamolybdates, [Cu(HBBIP)2][β − Mo8O26] (1) and [Cu(BBIP)2][β − Mo8O26]0.5·3H2O (2), were isolated under hydrothermal conditions by using 1, 3 − bis(1 − benzimidazolyl) propane (BBIP) as a flexible bis(benzimidazole) ligand. Both 1 and 2 showed supramolecular structures. In 1, the aggregation between [β − Mo8O26]4− and Cu(II) ions leaded to a POM−based inorganic chain, and the monodentate ligand HBBIP coordinated with Cu(II) ion on the chain via Cu − N bonds. But the BBIP ligands represent bidentate linkers, coordinating with Cu(II) ions to forming a two–dimensional grid–like layer in 2. The [β − Mo8O26]4− anions are sandwiched between two layers through hydrogen bond interactions. The BBIP ligands exhibited different configurations due to the flexibility of the linker. Compounds 1 and 2 as electrode materials showed enhanced capacitive performances with specific capacitances of 1446 F g–1 for 1, 1152 F g–1 for 2 at a current density of 1 A g–1, as well as good cycling stability after 5000 cycles. Furthermore, two compounds exhibited remarkable electrocatalytic activities for the reduction of bromate and sensing ability.
Legume milk, a nutritious, lactose-free alternative to dairy milk, is increasingly being consumed worldwide. However, the nutritional composition, antioxidant capacity, and flavor characteristics of different legume milks remain unclear. This study evaluated the nutritional composition, antioxidant capacity, and flavor characteristics of legume milk prepared from soybean, black bean, kidney bean, cowpea, and chickpea by integrating GC-IMS with conventional chemical analyses. The results revealed that chickpea milk contained the highest protein and fat content. The glucosides were found to be more abundant than aglycones in all legume milks. Black bean milk exhibited the highest raffinose content and the strongest antioxidant activity. Among all the different samples, kidney bean milk showed the lowest lipoxygenase (LOX) activity. A total of 29 volatiles were identified in the five types of legume milk using GC-IMS, and further correlation analysis confirmed the association of LOX activity and hexanal levels with beany flavor, indicating that these parameters can be used to predict the presence of beany flavor. The valuable insights derived from this study could help in optimizing the production process of legume milk to enhance its nutritional value and improve its sensory attributes.
