We present lattice QCD calculations of the odd Mellin moments of pion valence-quark generalized parton distribution up to fifth order (x4) and for the skewness range [-0.33; 01 using operator product expansion of bilocal quark-bilinear operators. The calculations are performed on an ensemble with lattice spacing a = 0.04 fm and valence pion mass 300 MeV, employing boosted pion states with momenta up to 2.428 GeV and momentum transfers reaching 2.748 GeV2. We employ ratio-scheme renormalization and next-to-leading logarithmic resummed perturbative matching. At zero skewness, our results are consistent with previous lattice studies. By combining matrix elements at multiple values of skewness and momentum transfer, skewness-dependent moments are obtained through simultaneous polynomiality-constrained fits.
Cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) continues to gain prominence in materials science, particularly in battery research where it has enabled high-resolution, multimodal characterization of electrode materials and interfaces that otherwise degrade quickly under electron beam irradiation. But as anyone who has attempted cryo-EM techniques knows, freezing comes at a cost; cryo-EM experiments are time-consuming, highly sensitive, and carry an increased risk of artifacts due to issues such as frost contamination. Thus, when planning new characterization of battery materials or other beam-sensitive samples, it is critical to consider whether (and which) cryo-EM techniques are appropriate, based on study goals and an understanding of electron beam-sample interactions. Here we review such considerations for battery materials to elucidate the questions of when, why, and how to freeze to achieve high-quality characterization.
We propose a new pathway to the quantized anomalous Hall effect (QAHE) by coupling an altermagnet to a topological crystalline insulator (TCI). The former gaps the topological surface states of the TCI, thereby realizing the QAHE in a robust and switchable platform with near- vanishing magnetization. We demonstrate the feasibility of this approach by studying a slab of the TCI SnTe coupled to an altermagnetic RuO2 layer. Our first-principles calculations reveal that the d-wave altermagnetism in RuO2 induces a 7 meV gap to the Dirac surface states on the (110) surface of SnTe, producing a finite anomalous Hall effect. Our approach generalizes to broader classes of altermagnetic materials and TCIs, thereby providing a family of topological altermagnetic heterostructures with small or vanishing magnetization that support nontrivial Chern numbers. Our results highlight a promising new topological platform with great tunability and applications to spintronics.
The convective boundary layer(CBL),also known as the mixing layer,constitutes the critical lower segment of the atmosphere that significantly influences daily human activities.The growing demand for precise weather forecasts is driven by the requirements of agriculture,transportation,and routine societal functions.To enhance understanding of the CBL,this study investigates the spatiotemporal variability in the CBL and its controlling factors using four-year Doppler lidar,surface flux,and profiling measurements at five ARM Southern Great Plains sites within a 100 km radius.This investigation utilizes data collected exclusively under clear-sky conditions or scattered low-cloud conditions.Results reveal significant spatial differences in CBL evolutions.Daily mixing layer heights(MLHs)vary up to 1 km(30%of the mean)in late afternoon.There is a clear east-west contrast:western sites(C1,E32,E37)exhibit higher summer MLH(1.9-2.1 km)and vertical velocity variances(1.0-1.2 m2 s-2)than eastern sites(1.6-1.8 km),reversing in winter.Temporally,the MLH peaks at 70%of the sunrise-sunset interval,the lagging heat flux(HF)peaks at 50%;and the seasonal MLH maxima lag the HF by approximately one month,influenced by nighttime PBL(planetary boundary layer)properties.The HF and lower tropospheric stability are the main factors of influence for the CBL,but site-specific dependencies highlight the critical roles of local factors,underscoring the need for including them in CBL modeling.
The calculation of precise predictions for Higgs decays is a necessary ingredient for determining Higgs properties at the LHC and future colliders. We compute all two- and three-body Higgs decays at next-to-leading order (NLO) in both QCD and electroweak interactions using the dimension-6 Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT). Results for four-body Higgs decays that are accurate to NLO QCD/electroweak order in the SMEFT are obtained using the narrow width approximation. Our results are contained in a flexible Monte Carlo program, NEWiSH, that is publicly available and we illustrate the impact of the NLO electroweak corrections for HL-LHC, Tera-Z, and Higgstrahlung projections.
