We present lattice QCD calculations of the odd Mellin moments of pion valence-quark generalized parton distribution up to fifth order (x4) and for the skewness range [-0.33; 01 using operator product expansion of bilocal quark-bilinear operators. The calculations are performed on an ensemble with lattice spacing a = 0.04 fm and valence pion mass 300 MeV, employing boosted pion states with momenta up to 2.428 GeV and momentum transfers reaching 2.748 GeV2. We employ ratio-scheme renormalization and next-to-leading logarithmic resummed perturbative matching. At zero skewness, our results are consistent with previous lattice studies. By combining matrix elements at multiple values of skewness and momentum transfer, skewness-dependent moments are obtained through simultaneous polynomiality-constrained fits.
Cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) continues to gain prominence in materials science, particularly in battery research where it has enabled high-resolution, multimodal characterization of electrode materials and interfaces that otherwise degrade quickly under electron beam irradiation. But as anyone who has attempted cryo-EM techniques knows, freezing comes at a cost; cryo-EM experiments are time-consuming, highly sensitive, and carry an increased risk of artifacts due to issues such as frost contamination. Thus, when planning new characterization of battery materials or other beam-sensitive samples, it is critical to consider whether (and which) cryo-EM techniques are appropriate, based on study goals and an understanding of electron beam-sample interactions. Here we review such considerations for battery materials to elucidate the questions of when, why, and how to freeze to achieve high-quality characterization.
The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 3,200 new measurements from 903 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as supersymmetric particles, heavy bosons, axions, dark photons, etc. Particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as Higgs Boson Physics, Supersymmetry, Grand Unified Theories, Neutrino Mixing, Dark Energy, Dark Matter, Cosmology, Particle Detectors, Colliders, Probability and Statistics. Most of the 118 reviews are updated, including many that are heavily revised. The Review is divided into two volumes. Volume 1 includes the Summary Tables and 96 review articles. Volume 2 consists of the Particle Listings and contains also 22 reviews that address specific aspects of the data presented in the Listings. The complete Review (both volumes) is published online on the website of the Particle Data Group ( pdg.lbl.gov ) and in a journal. Volume 1 is available in print as the PDG Book. A Particle Physics Booklet with the Summary Tables and essential tables, figures, and equations from selected review articles is available in print, as a web version optimized for use on phones, and as an Android app. The PDG API (Application Programming Interface) provides access to the data published in the Review in machine-readable format.
We propose a new pathway to the quantized anomalous Hall effect (QAHE) by coupling an altermagnet to a topological crystalline insulator (TCI). The former gaps the topological surface states of the TCI, thereby realizing the QAHE in a robust and switchable platform with near- vanishing magnetization. We demonstrate the feasibility of this approach by studying a slab of the TCI SnTe coupled to an altermagnetic RuO2 layer. Our first-principles calculations reveal that the d-wave altermagnetism in RuO2 induces a 7 meV gap to the Dirac surface states on the (110) surface of SnTe, producing a finite anomalous Hall effect. Our approach generalizes to broader classes of altermagnetic materials and TCIs, thereby providing a family of topological altermagnetic heterostructures with small or vanishing magnetization that support nontrivial Chern numbers. Our results highlight a promising new topological platform with great tunability and applications to spintronics.
The convective boundary layer(CBL),also known as the mixing layer,constitutes the critical lower segment of the atmosphere that significantly influences daily human activities.The growing demand for precise weather forecasts is driven by the requirements of agriculture,transportation,and routine societal functions.To enhance understanding of the CBL,this study investigates the spatiotemporal variability in the CBL and its controlling factors using four-year Doppler lidar,surface flux,and profiling measurements at five ARM Southern Great Plains sites within a 100 km radius.This investigation utilizes data collected exclusively under clear-sky conditions or scattered low-cloud conditions.Results reveal significant spatial differences in CBL evolutions.Daily mixing layer heights(MLHs)vary up to 1 km(30%of the mean)in late afternoon.There is a clear east-west contrast:western sites(C1,E32,E37)exhibit higher summer MLH(1.9-2.1 km)and vertical velocity variances(1.0-1.2 m2 s-2)than eastern sites(1.6-1.8 km),reversing in winter.Temporally,the MLH peaks at 70%of the sunrise-sunset interval,the lagging heat flux(HF)peaks at 50%;and the seasonal MLH maxima lag the HF by approximately one month,influenced by nighttime PBL(planetary boundary layer)properties.The HF and lower tropospheric stability are the main factors of influence for the CBL,but site-specific dependencies highlight the critical roles of local factors,underscoring the need for including them in CBL modeling.
