California University of Pennsylvania (Cal U) is a public university in California, Pennsylvania. Founded in 1852, it is a member of the Pennsylvania State System of Higher Education (PASSHE). The university offers bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees. It is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education.The main campus consists of about 38 buildings situated on 92 acres (37 ha). Another 9-acre (3.6 ha) facility is located near the main campus and houses the school's soccer facility. An additional 98-acre (40 ha) recreation complex, George H. Roadman University Park, is located one mile (1.6 km) from campus and includes a football stadium, various sports facilities, and picnic facilities. The university's student association also owns 98 acres at the SAI Farm, located near Roadman Park, as well as 25-acre Vulcan Village Student Apartments. Cal U has a large virtual school.
We introduce a novel approach to solving dynamic programming problems, such as those in many economic models, on a quantum annealer, a specialized device that performs combinatorial optimization. Quantum annealers attempt to solve an NP-hard problem by starting in a quantum superposition of all states and generating candidate global solutions in milliseconds, irrespective of problem size. Using existing quantum hardware, we achieve an order-of-magnitude speed-up in solving the real business cycle model over benchmarks in the literature. We also provide a detailed introduction to quantum annealing and discuss its potential use for more challenging economic problems.
A catecholate proligand, 2,3-dihydroxy-4,6-di-tert-butyl-benzaldehyde ([trenHC═N(H2tBu2cat)3]), capable of binding two metal cations, and its complexes RE2[trenHC═N(tBu2cat)3], RE = La, Nd, and Dy were synthesized. X-ray structures of the complexes showed that C-O bond lengths, ranging from 1.317(4) to 1.334(3) Å, and C-C bond lengths, ranging from 1.426(3) to 1.443(3) Å, of the complexes were consistent with the catecholate form of the ligand in all cases. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements revealed the oxidation of the catecholate ligand arms to the semiquinonate form in all three metal complexes. The oxidation potentials for the metal complexes are modulated to shift toward more positive potentials with increasing Lewis acidity. The results support the hypothesis that differences in ligand oxidation potentials can be exploited for realizing systems for the separation of rare earth metals.
Exploring the molecular genetic cascades responsible for behavioral responses to opioids can improve our understanding of drug use initiation. We generated high-precision time-series data for 105 morphine- and naloxone-related traits across ∼700 young adult BXD mice (64 diverse strains and both sexes) for 3 hours after a single morphine injection. Variations in responses were mapped using high precision sequencing-based genotypes. The initial locomotor responses to morphine map precisely to the µ opioid receptor gene (MOR or Oprm1) on chromosome (Chr) 10 with a peak linkage of 12.4 (–log10P). The B allele inherited from C57BL/6J is associated with up to 60% higher activity. This effect climaxes at 75 min but is exhausted by 160 min. A second major modulator of opioid activation emerges after about 100 min and is located on Chr 16 with peak linkages of 10.6 (–log10P) in females, also associated with a high B allele. This locus includes only one compelling candidate—fibroblast growth factor 12 (Fgf12), a 600 Kb gene that controls sodium current kinetics at the axon hillock. A strong and transient epistatic interaction exists between the Oprm1 and Fgf12 loci during a short time window (45–75 min). The combination of a B haplotype at Oprm1 with a D haplotype from DBA/2J at Fgf12 is associated with unusually high activity. In a complementary study in heterogeneous stock rats we demonstrate that Oprm1 and Fgf12 are co-expressed in one specific subtype of Drd1+ medium spiny neuron. A Bayesian network analysis supports an Oprm1-to-Fgf12 network that involves a MAP kinase cascade—Mapk8ip2, Map3k11, and Map3k12—that we hypothesize modulates FGF12 phosphorylation, Nav1.2 sodium channel state, and locomotor activation. OPRM1 and FGF12 networks in human GWAS data highlight enrichment of signals associated with substance use disorder. This is the first demonstration of a time-dependent epistatic interaction modulating drug response in mammals and the first linkage of Fgf12 to opioid sensitivity and potentially to sodium channel activity.
Theoretical descriptions of collective light-matter dynamics often rely on the mean-field (MF) or single-excitation (SE) approximation, yet the parameter regimes where they apply are rarely clearly delineated. Here we show that representative limiting regimes are characterized by two independent parameters: the number of molecules (N) and the excitation number (Nexc). In the Tavis-Cummings model, when N ≫ 1 and the excitation density (Nexc/N) goes to 0, the MF and SE descriptions agree and yield linear collective dynamics, showing harmonic Rabi oscillations. At finite excitation density ( Nexc/N∼O(1)), the large-N limit remains accurately described by MF dynamics but becomes nonlinear in Nexc/N, manifested by a Duffing equation for the cavity amplitude with anharmonic Rabi frequency. We further use cluster expansion to examine finite-N correlations beyond MF. When local vibronic interactions are included, the same linear collective limit is reached by both approximations, with SE reaching it through polaron decoupling and MF through linearization. This two-parameter regime map clarifies the limits in which different theoretical descriptions provide valid descriptions of collective light-matter dynamics.
To assess hypoxia-associated host-tumour vascular adaptations and glycolytic metabolism in the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) glioblastoma model. U251 GBM cells were conditioned under normoxia (21
