A terminal groin was designed by the authors and constructed at Folly Beach County Park (South Carolina) in June 2013 to restore and stabilize a highly eroded spit. Groins are rarely permitted in the Carolinas and require extensive monitoring to assess impacts. In the case of the Folly Beach project, permits prescribe groin removal or periodic downcoast nourishment if erosion rates exceed pre-project rates. The common expectation is that groins will accelerate downcoast erosion because of sand trapping by the structure. Annual surveys have been performed by an independent surveyor, GEL Engineering (Charleston), and provide source data for the present analysis.
Treatment of chronic upper limb pain (ULP) with traditional spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has been challenging due to the possible occurrence of uncomfortable paresthesia triggered by neck motion. Evidence demonstrating successful treatment of ULP is limited, contrasting with the strong evidence available for the treatment of back and lower limb pain. A prospective, multi-center study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of differential target multiplexed SCS in subjects with chronic ULP is being conducted.
Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA) has become an important tool for evaluating coastal management actions in Australia, and various coastal CBA studies have been completed. However, some of these studies have produced contradictory outcomes, and some assumptions on which they were based have been questioned. In the presentation, various assumptions frequently used in coastal CBA’s are considered and assessed with reference to specific case studies.
DTMTM programming differentially modulate neurons and glia to balance interactions perturbed by neuropathic pain in preclinical studies. DTM spinal cord stimulation (SCS) provide significant back pain relief in patients in a feasibility trial. Here, we report a large randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing the effectiveness of DTM SCS to traditional SCS.
