College of Dairy Science and Food Technology, Raipur is a constituent college of Chhattisgarh Kamdhenu Vishwavidyalaya. It was established in 1983 under the jurisdiction of Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur. The College is the only Institute of its kind in Chhattisgarh. This college is spread in area of approximately 12 acres..
Fresh seafood and agricultural products are susceptible to microbial contamination, leading to resource waste and safety risks. Electrolyzed water (EW), an environmentally friendly agent, can inactivate microorganisms and prolong the shelf life of food. Considerable attention has been devoted to its potential in guaranteeing food quality and safety. This review focused on the effectiveness of both acidic electrolyzed water (AEW) and alkaline electrolyzed water (AIEW) in inactivating bacteria and fungi and degrading mycotoxins. Additionally, newly developed acidic electrolyzed water ice (AEW ice) and its preservation effect were evaluated. Notably, the AEW ice could greatly inhibit the growth of exogenous microorganisms and the activity of endogenous enzymes, thereby preventing the deterioration of seafood. Additionally, the novel applications of AIEW combined with several emerging technologies, including ultrasound and photodynamic inactivation (PDI) were also summarized. However, there are several challenges regarding the future development of EW in the food industry, including constructing efficient technologies to enhance the stability and durability of AEW, developing equipment for continuous production of AEW ice, improving the inactivation efficiency of EW against microorganisms in food matrices, identifying action targets, and elucidating eradication mechanisms of EW against bacterial biofilms, etc. This perspective will provide new findings into the knowledge, deficiency, and potential applications of EW in the food industry.
Ultraviolet A light-emitting diode (UVA-LED) is an emerging non-chemical technology with potential of enhancing postharvest quality of fresh produce. This study compared effects of UVA-LED irradiation (0-control, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 J/cm2) on senescence and shelf-life of minimally processed pakchoi (MPP). An 8 J/cm2 dose effectively preserved chlorophyll and color, extending 2 days shelf-life. Further analysis revealed that UVA-LED (8 J/cm2) increased phenolic acids (+ 18.21 %) and flavonoids (+ 57.50 %) at d5 by activating enzymes (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase-(PAL), cinnamate-4-hydroxylase-(C4H), and 4-coumarate: coenzyme A ligase-(4CL)), and upregulating corresponding genes. Moreover, UVA-LED enhanced 30 % - 40 % total antioxidant capacity (TAC) at d5, associated with elevated levels of both enzymatic (superoxide dismutase (SOD, +22.75 %), catalase (CAT, +68.00 %), and peroxidase (POD, +45.81 %), and non-enzymatic (total phenolics (1.21-fold), total ascorbic acid (1.90-fold)) antioxidants. However, UVA-LED accelerates fresh weight loss. Conclusively, proper dose UVA-LED irradiation presents an innovative strategy to preserve vegetables postharvest quality.
Stored rice suffers major quantitative and qualitative losses due to insect pests. Studies were conducted to assess 10 different cultivars of rice for resistance to grain insects: lesser grain borer, Angoumois grain moth, and red flour beetle as well as the influence of physicochemical traits of the grains that are responsible for susceptibility or resistance to insects at Post Harvest Technology Centre, Bapatla during 2020–2021. There were significant differences in the population buildup of lesser grain borer, Angoumois grain moth in rough rice, and red flour beetle in milled rice of test cultivars. BPT 2411 recorded the least emergence of lesser grain borers under no-choice (16.33 adults/100 g) and free-choice (13.0 adults/100 g) conditions. The emergence of Angoumois grain moth was the least in BPT 2411 compared to the other cultivars under free-choice conditions. On the other hand, BPT 2411 recorded a substantial decline in the population of red flour beetles in milled rice both under free-choice (23.33 adults) and no-choice (13.33 adults) conditions. The results indicated that BPT 2411 was the least preferred grain of the stored product insects. The highest kernel hardness was observed in BPT 2411 (7.28 kgf) while proteins and phenols were found at the lowest levels in BPT 2411 (5.14
Brassinosteroids (BRs) play crucial roles in various biological processes, including plant developmental processes and response to diverse biotic and abiotic stresses. However, no information is currently available about this gene family in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). In the present investigation, we identified the BZR gene family in wheat to understand the evolution and their role in diverse developmental processes and under different stress conditions. In this study, we performed the genome-wide analysis of the BZR gene family in the bread wheat and identified 20 TaBZR genes through a homology search and further characterized them to understand their structure, function, and distribution across various tissues. Phylogenetic analyses lead to the classification of TaBZR genes into five different groups or subfamilies, providing evidence of evolutionary relationship with Arabidopsis thaliana, Zea mays, Glycine max, and Oryza sativa. A gene exon/intron structure analysis showed a distinct evolutionary path and predicted the possible gene duplication events. Further, the physical and biochemical properties, conserved motifs, chromosomal, subcellular localization, and cis-acting regulatory elements were also examined using various computational approaches. In addition, an analysis of public RNA-seq data also shows that TaBZR genes may be involved in diverse developmental processes and stress tolerance mechanisms. Moreover, qRT-PCR results also showed similar expression with slight variation. Collectively, these results suggest that TaBZR genes might play an important role in plant developmental processes and various stress conditions. Therefore, this work provides valuable information for further elucidate the precise role of BZR family members in wheat.
PIN-FORMED (PIN) genes play a crucial role in regulating polar auxin distribution in diverse developmental processes, including tropic responses, embryogenesis, tissue differentiation, and organogenesis. However, the role of PIN-mediated auxin transport in various plant species is poorly understood. Currently, no information is available about this gene family in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). In the present investigation, we identified the PIN gene family in wheat to understand the evolution of PIN-mediated auxin transport and its role in various developmental processes and under different biotic and abiotic stress conditions. In this study, we performed genome-wide analysis of the PIN gene family in common wheat and identified 44 TaPIN genes through a homology search, further characterizing them to understand their structure, function, and distribution across various tissues. Phylogenetic analyses led to the classification of TaPIN genes into seven different groups, providing evidence of an evolutionary relationship with Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa. A gene exon/intron structure analysis showed a distinct evolutionary path and predicted the possible gene duplication events. Further, the physical and biochemical properties, conserved motifs, chromosomal, subcellular localization, transmembrane domains, and three-dimensional (3D) structure were also examined using various computational approaches. Cis-elements analysis of TaPIN genes showed that TaPIN promoters consist of phytohormone, plant growth and development, and stress-related cis-elements. In addition, expression profile analysis also revealed that the expression patterns of the TaPIN genes were different in different tissues and developmental stages. Several members of the TaPIN family were induced during biotic and abiotic stress. Moreover, the expression patterns of TaPIN genes were verified by qRT-PCR. The qRT-PCR results also show a similar expression with slight variation. Therefore, the outcome of this study provides basic genomic information on the expression of the TaPIN gene family and will pave the way for dissecting the precise role of TaPINs in plant developmental processes and different stress conditions.
