College of Fisheries, Mangalore

Diffusion models have shown remarkable progress in text-to-audio generation. However, text-guided audio editing remains in its early stages. This task focuses on modifying the target content within an audio signal while preserving the rest, thus demanding precise localization and faithful editing according to the text prompt. Existing training-based and zero-shot methods that rely on full-caption or costly optimization often struggle with complex editing or lack practicality. In this work, we propose a novel end-to-end efficient rectified flow matching-based diffusion framework for audio editing, and construct a dataset featuring overlapping multi-event audio to support training and benchmarking in complex scenarios. Experiments show that our model achieves faithful semantic alignment without requiring auxiliary captions or masks, while maintaining competitive editing quality across metrics.

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a widespread environmental contaminant of growing toxicological concern, yet its cellular mechanisms of action in fish gill tissues remain inadequately defined. This study investigated the cytotoxicity and oxidative stress-mediated toxicity of BPA in zebrafish (Danio rerio) gill (DRG) cells following exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations (0.5-2.5 ppb) for up to 96 h. BPA induced a pronounced concentration- and time-dependent decline in cell viability, with an 89.7% reduction observed at 2.5 ppb after 96 h, as determined by the MTT assay. Morphological evaluation revealed progressive cellular damage, characterized by membrane disruption, cellular shrinkage, and eventual loss of structural integrity. BPA exposure triggered severe oxidative stress, evidenced by substantial increases of 152.9% in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), reaching a maximum elevation of 397.9% at 2.5 ppb after 96 h, and a maximum 446.5% increase in malondialdehyde levels (lipid peroxidation) at the same condition. Antioxidant enzyme responses were differentially affected: superoxide dismutase activity showed a progressive overall temporal decline of 38.2% (mean across all treatment groups and time points), reaching a maximum inhibited of 81.6% at 2.5 ppb after 96 h. Catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities exhibited transient compensatory increases followed by significant suppression of 67% and 80.9% from their respective 12 h peak values at the highest exposure condition (2.5 ppb, 96 h). These findings demonstrate that BPA exerts potent cytotoxic effects in fish gill cells by disrupting antioxidant defense systems and exacerbating oxidative damage. The high sensitivity of gill cells to low-dose BPA exposure highlights their vulnerability as primary targets of aquatic toxicants and underscores the possible effect of BPA contamination in aquatic environments.

Freshly separated Shrimp heads of P. Stylifera (Kiddi Shrimp) were procured from peeling sheds during the period of January to April, 2024 near Mirkarwada Landing center, Taluka-Ratnagiri District-Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, India aimed at the development and standardization of a shrimp head flavorant powder and its use in a shrimp flavoured masala powder for noodles. Shrimp heads were boiled to obtain liquid flavorant, which was then developed into a powder using rice flour (13%, 15%, and 17%) as a carrier and dried at 45°C. The flavorant with 15% rice flour was found to have significantly higher scores in organoleptic evaluation and was selected for further standardization. The standardized shrimp flavorant powder was then mixed with a spice mix masala in various proportions (45:55, 50:50, and 55:45), and the 50:50 proportion had shown better overall acceptability. Further optimization of the shrimp flavoured masala powder in noodles indicated that a 10% level of addition gave the highest scores in all treatments. The optimized shrimp head flavorant powder had a yield of 14.17±0.06%, solubility of 54.32±0.10%, and bulk density of 0.46±0.01 g ml-1. Proximate analysis revealed low moisture (4.06±0.20%), fat (1.3±0.20%), moderate protein (2.1±0.21%), high carbohydrate (73.08±0.12%), and high ash content (19.46±0.01%).

Background: The seafood industry generates a large quantity of fish processing waste which causes environmental risks, despite high nutritional importance. Present study investigated the extraction of biological hydroxyapatite derived from the bones of Tigertooth croaker (Otolithes ruber) using three different extraction methodologies like, water boiling, alkaline boiling and extracting by means of autoclaving method. Methods: Several physicochemical like, water holding capacity, oil holding capacity, bulk density, tapped density, compressibility and organoleptic like instrumental colour and whiteness index measurement was performed. Result: The water boiled sample showed higher yield value (60.29%), though the alkaline boiled samples exhibited significant higher physical and functional parameters. Out of all the treatments, the AB4 (boiling with 2% NaOH) samples had the overall higher parameters specifically, highest water holding capacity (144.02%), oil holding capacity (67.64%), bulk density (669.66 kg/L), tapped density (759.00 kg/L). Also, AB4 sample had the highest lightness and whiteness index among all the treated samples. Moreover, the PCA bi-plot assured the high correlation of AB4 and AB6 sample towards physicochemical parameters. The study suggest that using 2% NaOH for extraction of biological hydroxyapatite is an effective method for valorizing Tigertooth croaker bone waste and mitigate the environmental impacts.