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India is a leading country in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and pepper (Capsicum spp.) production, worldwide. However, these are vulnerable to various biotic stresses, with bacterial leaf spot (BLS) disease being an emerging disease in India. The four main lineages: Xanthomonas euvesicatoria (X. euvesicatoria pv. euvesicatoria), X. vesicatoria, X. perforans (X. euvesicatoria pv. perforans), and X. gardneri elicit BLS disease in tomato and pepper. Prevalence of BLS- Xanthomonas highlighted in survey in commercial tomato and pepper cultivars in the fields of nine states of India in May – October (2019–2022). The BLS disease incidence was recorded ranging from 20.49 to 62.15
A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of preharvest fruit bagging on fruit quality, pest and disease incidence in grape cv. ‘Crimson Seedless’. Different bagging materials were assessed for their influence on berry development and color. Among the treatments, white non-woven polypropylene bags were most effective, significantly improving fruit quality, reducing pest and disease incidence, and showing the highest total soluble solids (TSS; 20.91 °Brix), TSS:acid ratio (49.73), juice content (41.99
Pesticides are extensively used in modern agriculture but pose significant hazards to soil, water, air, and overall ecosystem health. This systematic review synthesizes findings from studies published between 2000 and 2025 to evaluate pesticide-induced ecological risks and the potential of omics-driven microbial degradation strategies for their mitigation. The analysis identifies major pesticide classes, including organophosphates, organochlorines, and herbicides, as key contributors to environmental persistence, toxicity, and disruption of microbial and trophic dynamics. Evidence from genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics studies highlights the role of specific functional genes and metabolic pathways in facilitating pesticide degradation and detoxification. Importantly, integration of multi-omics approaches provides a comprehensive understanding of microbial responses and enhances the prediction of degradation efficiency, thereby supporting targeted and effective bioremediation strategies. These processes contribute directly to hazard mitigation by reducing pesticide persistence, toxicity, and environmental exposure. However, challenges such as limited field-scale validation, variability in omics methodologies, and data integration constraints remain. Overall, this review emphasizes the importance of integrating omics-based approaches with risk-oriented frameworks to develop sustainable and scalable solutions for pesticide management. Not applicable.
The experiment was conducted to study the relation between the occurrence of mature and immature stages of Deudorix isocrates (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae), on pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) plant phenology, and changes in population due to abiotic stress at College of Horticulture & Forestry, Jhalawar, during 2022–23. The population dynamics of Deudorix isocrates larvae on fruits was monitored during the kharif seasons of 2022 and 2023, under different climatic factors, such as mean temperature (°C), relative humidity (%), and rainfall (mm). The data showed that pomegranate fruit was most preferential host plant for fruits borer, serving as the prime host plant when other potential host plants were not available during certain developmental stages of the pest. The pest population reached to peak during 36th standard meteorological week (SMW) during both years. Statistical analysis indicates a positive, but non-significant, correlation with temp (x1 = 0.32) and negative, non-significant correlations with relative humidity (x2 = -0.47) and rainfall (x3= -0.35) during 2022. In contrast, during 2023, pest exhibited a negative, non-significant correlation with temperature (x1 = -0.23), and positive, non-significant correlations with both relative humidity (x2= 0.31) and rainfall (x3= 0.36)
A two-year field investigation (rabi 2020 and 2021) was conducted at the College of Horticulture, Bidar, Karnataka, to evaluate the production potential, energy efficiency, and profitability of cabbage under site-specific nutrient management (SSNM). The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) comprising seven treatments replicated thrice, including six fertilizer-based target yield approaches (25-45 t ha–1), recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF), and farmers’ practice. Fertilizer application rates for SSNM were computed using the IPNI (2019) formula based on nutrient removal per tonne of yield. The soil was characterized by low nitrogen, medium phosphorus, and high potassium availability during both years. Results revealed that SSNM at a target yield of 40 t ha–1 recorded the highest head yield (41.9 t ha–1), energy efficiency (3.28 MJ ha–1), energy productivity (3.76 kg MJ–1), and crop profitability (` 2121.6 ha–1 day–1). In contrast, farmers’ practice registered the lowest performance in all parameters. The enhanced nutrient synchrony under SSNM optimized input use, minimized specific energy (0.37 MJ kg–1), and maximized net energy returns (348.9 × 10² MJ ha–1). These findings highlighted the agronomic and energetic superiority of site-specific nutrient strategies for sustainable cabbage production in the transitional zone of Karnataka.
