Cavitation on foils and appendages is a critical design consideration for sailing yachts like the America’s Cup AC75 monohulls and the SailGP F50 catamarans at their speeds exceeding 50 kn. The growth of vapor cavities beyond onset conditions adversely affects lift and drag. We implement a minimum pressure constraint to control cavitation onset in a shape optimization framework based on a Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes solver. We perform multipoint optimizations with the cavitation constraint to optimize hydrofoil sections across ranges of flap angles, lift coefficients, and speeds, starting from established subcavitating baseline sections. The design variables consist of section shape, angle of attack, and trailing edge flap angle. A subsequent comparison against the XFOIL viscous 2D solver demonstrates that the optimizations did not significantly exploit weaknesses in the computational models. The methodology enables effective design of high-performance subcavitating hydrofoils with flaps through expert-guided optimization. Hydrodynamics, Hydrofoils, Design optimization, Cavitation, Flaps
The article presents the results of the activities of a temporary creative team organized on the basis of the Institute of Traditional Applied Arts – Moscow branch of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Russian University of Traditional Art and Crafts” on business planning for the professional training of artists of traditional art and crafts.
Cavitation on foils and appendages is a critical design consideration for sailing yachts like the America’s Cup AC75 monohulls and the SailGP F50 catamarans at their speeds exceeding 50 kts. The growth of vapor cavities beyond onset conditions adversely affects lift and drag. We implement a minimum pressure constraint to control cavitation onset in a shape optimization framework based on a Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes solver. We perform multipoint optimizations with the cavitation constraint to optimize hydrofoil sections across ranges of flap angles, lift coefficients, and speeds, starting from established subcavitating baseline sections. The design variables consist of section shape, angle of attack, and trailing edge flap angle. Independent validation against the XFOIL vis cous 2D solver demonstrates that the optimizations did not significantly exploit weaknesses in the computational models. The methodology enables effective design of high-performance subcavitating hydrofoils with flaps through expert-guided optimization.
The growing demand for lithium is driven by the transition to renewable energy sources. In this regard, it is relevant to study new deposits and technologies for lithium mining in order to ensure a stable supply to the market and support environmentally sustainable production. This article studies the migration paths of lithium-bearing brines and the mechanism of clays formation with a high lithium content: hectorite, illite, and smectite. A generalized model for the formation of the Tucker Pass caldera-type lithium-bearing clay deposits in North America is described. Particular attention is paid to the role of hydrothermal fluids as a potential additional source of lithium “supply” to the caldera basin. Key criteria characterizing commercial accumulations of lithium of this type are listed.
The article examines the problem of innovative transformation of art education in the context of globalization and digitalization. It analyzes the experience of the Ryazan Institute of Traditional Applied Arts as a model for synthesizing cultural heritage and modern educational technologies. The article substantiates the importance of folk-art crafts, particularly artistic embroidery, as a resource for shaping spiritual and moral values and developing students' creative agency. It emphasizes the role of innovation in updating traditional art and shaping a new type of professional training.
