Częstochowa University of Technology

Abstract The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the most commonly used methods for investigating occupational accidents and to demonstrate their practical application, using an example of an accident that occurred in a production company. The article describes the theoretical foundations of event analysis and discusses methods such as the 5 Whys method, the Ishikawa diagram, Technical-Organizational-Human (TOL), FMEA, ETA, and FTA. The analyzed accident case allowed for the identification of technical, organizational, and human factors leading to the event. The article concludes with conclusions and recommendations for preventive measures that can reduce the number of similar incidents in the future.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to examine how bank employees of varying ages and lengths of service evaluate the AI-based training sessions in which they participated. Design/methodology/approach: The empirical study employed an online survey technique. Statistical analysis of the results was conducted using JASP software, which was used to calculate mean values, standard deviation, Pearson’s linear correlation coefficient (r), and Yule’s contingency coefficient (φ). The practical study was supplemented with a literature review. Findings: It was found that there is a strong positive linear relationship between the respondents’ age and length of service and their satisfaction with AI-based training, as well as their assessment of its effectiveness. With regard to gender, further in-depth research is recommended. Research limitations/implications: The study was pilot in nature and covered only a portion of banks and a small number of employees; therefore, its findings should not be generalized to the entire sector. A broader and more in-depth examination of the issues discussed in the article is recommended. Practical implications: Most publications and the studies presented in them focus on attitudes toward AI or on factors determining the level of digital competence. The results obtained can therefore be considered a complement to existing analyses. Social implications: The study’s findings indicate the need for greater personalization of AI-supported employee training processes, taking into account their prior professional experience as well as the differing expectations of women and men. This will make it possible to create and sustain an organizational culture in banks that is based on employee empowerment and openness to innovation in human resource management. Originality/value: The analysis aligns with the current body of research while also contributing new insights. Women more often perceived AI training as interesting and informative, yet they also more frequently indicated that it did not meet their expectations and did not enable them to effectively develop practical skills. This may suggest that women have higher expectations toward such training. Keywords: artificial intelligence (AI), bank, employee, employee training, satisfaction. Category of the paper: Research paper.

Abstract Fingertip pulse oximeters were widely used during the COVID-19 pandemic as the main and readily available device (%SpO2). The aim of this study was to determine the extent to which different colours of gel nail polish affect oxygen saturation (%SpO2) measurements. Saturation measurements were taken using the Finger Clip Pulse Oximeter P-01 (China) device, routinely available during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study included 54 healthy female volunteers of undergraduate cosmetology students aged between 24 and 36 years. Each participant was given an individual fingertip pulse oximeter to measure saturation on different fingers painted with different colours of gel nail polish: red, orange, yellow, green – fingers II-V of the right hand; blue, navy, violet, no colour – fingers II-V of the left hand. Increasing wavelength (from violet ~400 nm to red ~680 nm) increased mean saturation levels. Long-wavelength colours (“red”) distorted the measurement results to a lesser degree than short-wavelength colours (“green”). Nail polishes significantly influence the results of oxygen saturation measurements, especially of dark and metallic colour. Interference resulting from long-wavelength colours (e.g. red) is minimal, while short-wavelength colours (e.g. green) cause the most interference. In particular, light-absorbing colours (e.g. green) significantly reduced the %SpO 2 (P=0.032), in contrast to longer-wavelength colours (e.g. red).

This article analyses the functioning of asynchronous e-learning modules in higher education, using the Częstochowa University of Technology in Poland as an example. The aim of the study was to understand student experiences, identify the benefits of flexible learning, and identify challenges related to the lack of direct interaction with instructors. The method of social research using a questionnaire and quantitative methods were used. The study, conducted in 2025, involved 263 students from various fields, including management, logistics, and business finance. The results indicated very high ratings for time flexibility and the availability of teaching materials. Quantitative analysis demonstrated user satisfaction with the technical quality of the courses and their practical relevance. At the same time, barriers were identified, such as difficulty maintaining motivation and a sense of isolation resulting from the lack of face-to-face contact.