Purpose With litter from discarded single-use cups increasingly causing pollution, the purpose of this paper is to examine three intervention trials to encourage reusable cups to assess key success criteria and common barriers to successful implementation. Design/methodology/approach Using Lynes et al. (2014) Community-Based Social Marketing benchmark criteria, the authors qualitatively contrast three interventions using messy, citizen science data. Additionally, they provide a critique of the benchmarks themselves developing a new set of benchmarks to fit small organisations doing community-based social marketing. Findings Several benchmarks were obsolete and were unlikely ever to be met within the scope of these interventions. Important benchmarks needed to be highlighted further and additional benchmarks relating to key elements were added (product, engagement and stakeholders). Practical implications The authors provide practical suggestions to social marketers wishing to target single cup usage. This research highlights the need to not only carefully consider all benchmark criteria fully but also look beyond these as implementation issues are often the cause of limited success in these campaigns. Originality/value The authors focus on three interventions in open contexts and examine managerial/design aspects of this to contribute to the literature, while also critiquing and updating the benchmark criteria.
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Recent academic literature, notably Forrest & McHale (2024), has empirically confirmed the significant dependence of the UK online gambling industry on a small cohort of high-spending customers, highlighting a concentration of consumer risk. However, these diagnostic studies do not equip consumers with a practical tool to navigate this high-risk environment. This paper addresses this gap by proposing and validating the TDUX Framework, a novel, multi-dimensional quantitative model for evaluating the integrity and trustworthiness of licensed UK online casino operators. TDUX is an acronym for the four pillars of the model: Transparency, Data Integrity & Security, User Experience & Support, and observable Trust Signals. By aggregating over 20 weighted sub-metrics - including a textual analysis of bonus term clarity, verification of payout velocity, and assessment of user interface (UI) patterns - the TDUX model generates a single, comparable Trust Score for each operator. We applied this framework to a sample of 20 anonymized, licensed UK operators and found a significant variance in TDUX scores, even among operators in apparent good regulatory standing. Notably, a moderate negative correlation (r = -0.58, p < 0.05) was observed between the opacity of promotional terms and the speed of financial transactions. This paper concludes that a systematic, data-driven approach is essential for consumer protection. The TDUX Framework is presented as the first open-source methodology for this purpose, with its live, continuously updated implementation serving as the core of the Casimo.org consumer information portal, designed to provide every player with access to a reliable best rated online casino uk benchmark.
Background The study analyzed psychosocial predictors of secondary school adolescents between emotional neglect, family dysfunction, parental substance abuse, and their drug use disorders in Abuja, Nigeria. Methods The paper also adopted the descriptive cross-sectional research design within the quantitative research approach. A sample of 275 was drawn from a population size of 965 through multistage sampling techniques. Data collection instruments included a self-developed questionnaire comprising the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) for Emotional Neglect Subscale, an adapted Family Assessment Device (FAD), and Parental Substance Abuse Checklist. Five experts validated the instruments: three medical doctors and two secondary school teachers. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, finally used on the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) for Emotional Neglect Subscale, was found to be 0.760; data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results The results of the findings reveal that there has not been a day in the past year when they drank more than a few sips of alcohol; also, it shows that the relationship between emotional neglect and drug use disorder among secondary school students is concerning. The study shows that the overall family dysfunction score provides very significant insights about the familial relationships observed among students, and finally, the study shows low parental substance abuse. Conclusions The researchers, therefore, conclude that in the quest to reduce psychosocial factors related to drug use disorder among adolescents, family training on how to avoid emotional neglect should be emphasized. Recommendations Finally, it is recommended that there should be a partnership treatment plan between mental health practitioners, teachers, and policymakers to share insightful information concerning emotional well-being that would help establish more supportive conditions for adolescents.
