Ethiopian Civil Service University

Rapid population growth and high fertility rates in low-income countries adversely affect the provision of sexual and reproductive healthcare services. A high fertility rate has serious health implications for both the mother and the children she bears, and thus, investigating the factors behind this phenomenon is of paramount importance. The data for this study were extracted from the 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS 2016). The responsible variable, the number of children ever born (NCEB), was zero-truncated since only women who had at least one live birth at the time of the survey were considered. Data from a total of 6256 women residing in rural Ethiopia were analyzed using a zero-truncated generalized Poisson model which takes into account any type of dispersion and the truncated nature of the response variable simultaneously. Moreover, an exposure variable (specifically, cohabitation duration) was incorporated into the model to ensure comparability of subjects that are observed for different durations of time, and sensitivity analysis was conducted to validate its inclusion. Model selection criteria as well as sensitivity analysis revealed that the zero-truncated generalized Poisson model with exposure outperforms all other candidate count data models. Factors that were significantly associated with bearing more children include early age at first birth, child mortality, low economic status and women’s land ownership. On the other hand, contraceptive use, women’s education and media exposure had a negative impact on the NCEB per woman. The results also revealed significant regional variation. Specifically, women in Somali Region registered significantly higher NCEB than those in other regions. To curb high maternal fertility among rural women, interventions that target uneducated and poorest women; measures to combat early initiation of childbearing; unreserved efforts aimed at reducing child mortality; and promoting the use of birth control measures are recommended. Moreover, relevant bodies should enhance the provision of family planning (FP) and counselling services as well as the supply of FP commodities that selectively target regions with high child births (e.g., Somali Region). From the methodology aspect, shifting from the standard Poisson regression to an appropriate class of generalized Poisson models is also recommended.

This study investigates the spatial and temporal variability of Land Surface Temperature (LST) in the Lake Tana catchment, Upper Blue Nile River Basin, Ethiopia, utilizing data from Landsat 8, MODIS and Sentinel-3. The analysis covers two distinct seasons: winter (January-April) and summer (June-August) of 2021. LST was derived using the Split Window Algorithm (SWA) applied to the thermal bands of these satellites. The results reveal notable Spatial and seasonal variations, with the highest LST recorded in April at 51 degrees C, as measured by Sentinel-3, and the lowest LST in February at 5 degrees C, as measured by Landsat 8. In the summer, the highest LST was observed in June at 42 degrees C from Landsat 8, while the lowest was recorded in July at 8 degrees C from Sentinel-3. The spatial distribution of LST showed higher temperatures in the peripheral regions of the study area, with cooler temperatures around Lake Tana, largely due to its cooling effect. Correlation analysis between LST and mean temperature data from NASA POWER revealed strong correlations (r > 0.5) for most months, particularly for Landsat 8, which demonstrated the strongest association with mean temperature across both winter and summer seasons. These findings underscore the significance of satellite-derived LST in monitoring regional climate dynamics, supporting sustainable agricultural practices, and informing water resource management strategies. The study highlights the potential of remote sensing technologies for evaluating the impact of climate variability on ecosystems and land use in the context of climate resilience and environmental sustainability. LST monitoring becomes an indispensable tool for achieving sustainable development objectives, particularly in improving resilience to climate risks (SDG 13), enabling sustainable agricultural and water practices (SDGs 2 and 6), and supporting environmental conservation (SDG 15). Therefore, this study fills a region-specific gap in understanding LST dynamics and provides valuable insights for sustainability policy and planning in data-scarce areas.

Reduced graphene oxide from spent dry-cell graphite electrodes served as an efficient microbial fuel cell anode, enabling simultaneous bioelectricity generation and Pb 2+ removal. A schematic shows electron-transfer pathways during coupled pollutant bioremediation and energy production.

Groundwater resource utilization in many developing countries, including Ethiopia, is significantly constrained by limited information on its quality and quantity, often due to challenges associated with geophysical and hydrogeological assessments. In recent years, geographic information system (GIS) and remote sensing (RS) technologies have emerged as valuable tools for understanding the spatial distribution of groundwater resources, aiding in their planning, exploration, monitoring, and management. Thus, this study aims to delineate potential groundwater availability zones in the Angereb Watershed, located in northwestern Ethiopia, using a geospatial approach integrated with multi-criteria evaluation (MCE) and the analytical hierarchical process (AHP) model. Multiple thematic layers were prepared from various data sources, including Landsat 8 OLI, Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), geological maps, soil, and rainfall data. Key factors influencing groundwater availability namely drainage density, lineament density, lithology, slope, soil type, mean annual rainfall, and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) were selected and weighted using the AHP model within ArcGIS 10.3. The analysis identified lithology, lineament density, slope, and drainage density as dominant factors, collectively accounting for approximately 85.3

This section studies the strategic dimensions that Culture of Organizational plays for sustainable business practices through in the Horn of Africa which faces rapid economic development alongside special difficulties. The study analyzes data from 385 participants using KMO to check sample adequacy as well as CFA for measurement model validation as well as SEM based on AMOS software for variable relationship analysis. The study demonstrates that organizations through strong cultures lead the adoption of sustainable practices since they benefit from common values as well as shared organizational norms that drive environmental responsibility together through social equity standards. Organizations practicing adaptive cultures demonstrate better success rates in sustainability initiative implementation which strengthens their market position as well as organizational stability when encountering regional challenges. The study explores how these outcomes affect decision-making authorities as well as business executives who should establish sustainability as their fundamental strategy.