Competent authorities are increasingly expected to report publicly on the effectiveness of project-level Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) as part of broader accountability obligations. In many jurisdictions, this expectation is reflected in accountability reports that summarise activities, performance information, indicators, and targets. Yet no previous study has systematically examined such reports as a primary object of analysis. In this paper, we examine what indicators compiled from competent authorities' accountability reports across 23 jurisdictions reveal about project-level EIA effectiveness in practice, and distil a practice-based selection of indicators together with broader recommendations for accountability reporting. Drawing on a set of guiding questions across four effectiveness dimensions (procedural, substantive, transactive, and legitimacy), we identify relevant topics already addressed in current reporting, particularly around quality control, compliance and enforcement, public participation opportunities, and access to justice. We also highlight important effectiveness-related topics that remain largely absent from the analysed sample, notably EIA-induced changes to project design and mitigation, the realisation of expected outcomes over time, resource adequacy for delivering proportionate EIA, and stakeholder perceptions of outcomes. Because reported information shapes stakeholders' ability to evaluate EIA, we recommend further research on the measurement and communication of project-level EIA effectiveness as an integral part of accountability. Developing context-sensitive indicators grounded in what each competent authority is realistically mandated and resourced to deliver can provide renewed grounds for the long-running and foundational debate on EIA effectiveness.
To investigate the otorhinolaryngological manifestations associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), exploring how dysfunctions in sleep, hearing, smell, and taste may act as relevant sensory and clinical markers. This review also aims to contextualize these findings within a sensory integration framework and to discuss their clinical relevance beyond isolated peripheral alterations. Recent studies indicate a high prevalence of sleep disturbances (50–80
Semiconductor photocatalysis has emerged as a highly dynamic research field with broad applications in photochemistry, electrochemistry, and environmental science. This review focuses on the photocatalytic behavior of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) and titanium dioxide (TiO₂), two promising materials for pollutant photodegradation. CQDs exhibit remarkable properties, including high surface area, strong visible-light absorption, and excellent photostability, whereas TiO₂ is an efficient semiconductor capable of generating reactive radicals upon photoexcitation. A systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted to analyze 94 peer-reviewed studies retrieved from major scientific databases, including ScienceDirect, Scopus, Web of Science, SpringerLink, Wiley Online Library, the Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC), ACS Publications, and IOPscience. The analysis revealed that CQDs/TiO₂ demonstrate significantly enhanced photocatalytic activity in applications such as environmental remediation and bacterial inactivation. However, limitations remain, including challenges related to visible-light utilization, excessive CQD loading, and insufficient investigation of long-term stability and scalability under real environmental conditions. In summary, this review highlights the potential of CQDs/TiO₂ in environmental remediation and provides a comprehensive overview of their mechanisms, efficiency, and existing challenges. Future research should focus on structural optimization and long-term stability to fully harness the potential of this photocatalyst.
L-DOPA (LD) is the gold-standard treatment of motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease (PD), conventionally used to prove the predictive value of PD animal models. This study aimed to investigate the predictive validity of an adaptation of the conventional reserpine model of PD: the repeated low-dose reserpine administration in rodents, which promotes progressive motor impairment in catalepsy, vacuous chewing behavior tests, and neurochemical deficits. Specifically, we investigated the effects of acute and chronic treatment with LD on motor alterations induced in mice by this modified protocol. Swiss mice were treated with 20 reserpine injections (0.1 mg/kg, s.c., every other day). Acute LD (25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) administration was performed at the end of reserpine protocol to assess immediate motor recovery. Additionally, concomitant chronic LD (50 and 100 mg/kg) treatment was conducted to investigate potential attenuation of motor impairment and dopamine depletion quantified by HPLC. Repeated reserpine protocol induced motor deficits in catalepsy and vacuous chewing evaluations and striatal dopamine depletion. Acute LD administration significantly improved catalepsy in higher doses, while chronic LD treatment attenuated motor impairments and reduced dopamine depletion in the striatum. These findings support the predictive validity of the reserpine rodent model for studying parkinsonism. Together with the ability to promote chronic and progressive parkinsonian alterations, the reversion of these deficits by LD reinforces the potential of the repeated low-dose reserpine protocol for studies of potential therapies and the pathophysiology underlying neurodegenerative processes in PD.
Malignant gastric outlet obstruction (MGOO) is a disabling complication of advanced gastrointestinal cancers, accounting for 50–80
