Franklin & Marshall College (F&M) is a private liberal arts college in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. It employs 175 full-time faculty members and has a student body of approximately 2,400 full-time students. It was founded by Protestant ministers.
This study enhances our understanding of Late Miocene-Pliocene climate in the Atacama Desert of the Antofagasta Region in northern Chile. Field relations, petrography, and geochemistry from two previously undescribed, fossil springs within the Calama Basin's Opache Formation demonstrate similarities between the springs, such as laminated crystalline carbonate, including freshwater aragonite botryoids, but differences in trace element and delta 13C values. One location contains stromatolites, oncolites, and sedimentary structures indicative of flowing water including ripple marks and microterracettes, whereas such features are generally absent at the other site. Both study areas are associated with fault systems that transferred groundwater from regional aquifers to the surface, bringing water rich in strontium, magnesium, iron, and manganese, to coprecipitate with CaCO3 as either aragonite or calcite. This correlation between springs and tectonics is becoming more widely recognized in other continental settings.
A crucial tool in the design of multicomponent nanoheterostructures is the ability to carry out reactions with site-specificity. Here, we examine the interplay of two site-specific postsynthetic transformationstellurium anion exchange followed by cadmium cation exchange on Cu2‑xS nanorodsto reveal how, together, they create numerous new nanoheterostructures with various interfaces and chemical components. By varying the temperature of the initial exchange, we obtained Cu2‑xS/Cu2‑xTe structures with varying numbers of Cu2‑x Scores and thicknesses of Cu2‑xTe shells. We then subjected these Cu2‑xS/Cu2‑xTe nanoheterostructures to either low- or high-temperature cadmium exchange. While many different factors dictating the position of cation exchange have been identified, here we find that differences in the ease of ion diffusion through Cu2‑xS and Cu2‑xTe direct the incoming Cd2+ toward reaction with Cu2‑xS. This straightforward site preference for cation exchange, coupled with the ability to modulate the extent of tellurium and cadmium exchange, is used to create several distinctive nanostructure patterns. In particular, we demonstrate that the regioselectivity of Te2- anion exchange on Cu2‑xS nanorods can be leveraged to produce distinct templates for cation exchange, resulting in a library of nontrivial nanoheterostructures. The demonstration of such a variety of different copper/cadmium chalcogenide structures shows that consecutive anion and cation exchanges offer new routes to novel materials.
Galaxies at Cosmic Noon ( z ∼ 2–3) are characterized by rapid star formation that will lead to significant metal enrichment in the interstellar medium (ISM). While much observational evidence suggests that these galaxies are chemically distinct from those in the local Universe, directly measuring the ISM chemistry in large samples of high- z galaxies is only now possible with the observational capabilities of JWST. In this first key paper of the CECILIA program, we present the direct-method physical conditions and multielement abundances in 20 galaxies at Cosmic Noon. Using a combination of archival Keck/MOSFIRE and new ∼30 hr NIRSpec spectroscopy, we measure multiple electron gas densities and the temperature structure from the O ^+ and S ^2+ ions. We find that n _e [O ii ] and n _e [S ii ] are comparable but elevated with respect to n _e in local star-forming galaxies, and the simultaneous T _e [O ii ] and T _e [S iii ] generally agree with photoionization model T _e scaling relations. The O abundances in the CECILIA galaxies range from 12 + log(O/H) = 7.76 to 8.81 (12%–131% solar O/H), representing some of the highest direct-method metallicities and lowest T _e ( T _e [O ii ] ≈ 6500 K) measured with JWST to date. The CECILIA galaxies exhibit significantly subsolar S/O and Ar/O, a signature of predominant enrichment from core-collapse supernovae. The N/O–O/H trends in the CECILIA galaxies generally agree with the abundance trends in local nebulae, but the large scatter in N/O could be sensitive to the star formation history. The CECILIA observations demonstrate that exceptionally deep JWST spectroscopy can unveil the multielement ISM abundance patterns in typical high- z galaxies.
This article presents an overview and critique of current interdisciplinary research on the nature and development of intellectual humility (IH), with the aim of systematically outlining currently debated open questions. We focus on four specific areas of research: (1) theoretical questions regarding the nature of IH, (2) issues with the measurement of IH in development, (3) existing research on the development of IH and related socio-cognitive abilities, and (4) interventions to increase IH in children and adolescents. We critically review the existing empirical and theoretical literature in these areas, identify and articulate open questions, and map out directions for future research that follow from these questions. The main theoretical issues we identify concern the distinction between different features of IH (i.e., internal vs. external, self- vs. other-directed) and their relation to each other as well as the distinction between IH as a prescriptive virtue as opposed to a descriptive character trait. As we will demonstrate, taking seriously the notion of IH as a virtue raises crucial questions for its empirical study in the contexts of measurement, development, and potential interventions.
Abstract This chapter contends that Herman Melville’s final novel, The Confidence-Man, offers readers a playbook—at once strategic, theatrical, and ludic—for the age of corporations. Like the catalogs of examples of the corporate form that had circulated in the preceding decades, The Confidence-Man offers a varied landscape of associated bodies, ranging from reform societies to businesses that build capital from confidence to temporarily “assembled companies.” The chapter demonstrates how Melville’s novel echoes the corporate imaginary detailed in earlier chapters, even as the modes of association it presents go beyond mirroring the mid-century corporate landscape. Rather, by amplifying existing forms and their hidden consequences, they trace out possibilities for association unexplored in Melville’s moment and forgotten in ours. In doing so, The Confidence-Man offers untimely glimpses of associated collectivity and political belonging.
