福山大学

Wavefront Coding is a powerful technology for extending depth of field, but it has the problem of generating artifacts such as ringing in reconstructed images. As countermeasures, the application of apodization and optimization using deep learning have been proposed. In this paper, we modified the apodization conditions of the intermediate images and reconstruction filters to generate the reconstructed images. We then reduced artifacts in the reconstructed images using deep learning with a high-resolution dataset, resulting in improved spatial frequency characteristics in 4K-equivalent high-resolution images.

The efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in colon cancer (CC) is limited by the tolerogenic immune landscape of both the tumor and the intestine. Here, we investigated the impact of microbial metabolic pathways associated with ICI responsiveness on anti-tumor immunity in CC. Sulfur amino acid (Saa) metabolic pathways were enriched in ICI responders and in individuals without CC. In murine models, high-Saa diets restricted CC progression, increased colonic mucus thickness, and promoted the expansion of mucus-dwelling Mucispirillum schaedleri (M. schaedleri). Dietary Saa supplementation increased the frequency of activated intratumoral cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. The protective effect of high-Saa diets required type 1 conventional dendritic cells (cDC1s) in tumor-draining lymph nodes, where M. schaedleri was sufficient to drive cDC1 expansion and activation. Mechanistically, M. schaedleri stimulated natural killer T (NKT) cell expansion and secretion of the chemokine XCL1, which was essential for cDC1 recruitment and anti-tumor immunity. Dietary modulation of this NKT-XCL1-cDC1 axis in combination with ICIs may open avenues for improved treatments of CC.

Advance care planning (ACP) helps ensure that future medical care reflects individuals’ values and preferences. However, little is known about how multiple psychological characteristics combine to shape readiness for ACP, particularly in Japan. This study aimed to identify psychological profiles of readiness for ACP among Japanese adults and to examine age-related differences in profile membership. A nationwide cross-sectional online survey was conducted among Japanese adults. After excluding inattentive respondents, data from 2,152 participants were analyzed. Six psychological constructs related to ACP readiness were assessed, and latent profile analysis was conducted to identify distinct psychological profiles. Age-related differences in profile membership were subsequently examined. Four psychological profiles were identified: Interested but procedurally hindered (n = 1,346), Highly engaged in planning (n = 401), Overconfident and procedurally avoidant (n = 364), and Uninterested and unprepared (n = 41). The profiles differed significantly across all psychological variables. Older adults were more likely to belong to the Highly engaged in planning profile. In contrast, younger and middle-aged adults were more frequently classified into the Overconfident and procedurally avoidant and Uninterested and unprepared profiles. Readiness for ACP comprises distinct psychological profiles rather than a single continuum of engagement. A person-centered perspective may provide a more comprehensive understanding of readiness and support the development of communication strategies tailored to individuals’ psychological characteristics.

The rapid advancement of high-speed and high-power wide-bandgap (WBG) semiconductor devices such as SiC is expected to expand the operating power range of power electronics systems including inverters. However, electromagnetic interference (EMI) caused by the switching operations of power semiconductor devices increases accordingly. The authors have been developing a real-time gate control circuit to suppress the over-shoot generated during the switching transitions of these next-generation semiconductor switches. In this paper, a novel cur-rent overshoot detection circuit with a simple configuration is proposed. The detection theory of the newly designed circuit is described when it is applied to an inverter IGBT. Furthermore, the operational evaluation results of the detection circuit proto-typed using a commercially available MOSFET for fundamental validation are presented.

This study examined the relationship between traditional male-role beliefs and negative social reactions toward male victims of sexual violence in Japan. While previous research has focused on Western contexts, this study explored how such beliefs shape the perceptions of male victims in a non-Western cultural setting. A vignette-based survey was conducted with 291 Japanese participants (154 women, 137 men, Mage = 54.02, SDage = 17.56), selected after exclusions, with gender and age quotas matched to national census data. Participants completed validated measures, including the Traditional Male Role Scale and the Negative Social Reactions Scale, to assess their adherence to traditional male roles and responses to male victims of sexual assault. The results revealed that traditional male-role beliefs were associated with negative social reactions, including stigma, victim blaming, and egocentric or intrusive responses. The belief in male superiority over women, particularly in sexual contexts, showed the strongest relationship with these reactions (take control: β = 0.42; victim blame: β = 0.32; egocentric: β = 0.35; intrusiveness: β = 0.41). Men were more likely than women to endorse traditional male norms. These findings suggest that rigid gender role expectations contribute to harmful responses toward male victims and that interventions targeting these beliefs might help reduce such reactions.