The George Washington University (GW or GWU) is a private federally chartered research university in Washington, D.C. Chartered in 1821 by the United States Congress, GWU is the largest institution of higher education in the District of Columbia. George Washington, the first President of the United States, advocated for the establishment of a national university in the U.S. capital in his first State of the Union address in 1790 and continued to promote this idea throughout his career and until his death. In his will, Washington left shares in the Potomac Company to endow the university. However, due to the company's financial difficulties, funds were raised independently by Baptist ministers. On February 9, 1821, the university was established by an Act of Congress first as Columbian College and then as Columbian University, making it one of only five universities in the United States with a Congressional charter. The university's undergraduate and graduate schools includes the Columbian College of Arts and Sciences, the Elliott School of International Affairs, the GWU School of Business, the School of Media and Public Affairs, the Trachtenberg School of Public Policy and Public Administration, the GWU Law School and the Corcoran School of the Arts and Design. GWU's main Foggy Bottom campus is located in the heart of Washington, D.C., with the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank located on campus and the White House and the U.S. Department of State within blocks of campus. GWU hosts numerous research centers and institutes, including the National Security Archive and the Institute for International Economic Policy. GWU also has two satellite campuses: the Mount Vernon campus, located in D.C.'s Foxhall neighborhood, and the Virginia Science and Technology Campus in Loudoun County, Virginia. GWU is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very High Research Activity". The university offers degree programs in seventy-one disciplines, enrolling around 11,000 undergraduate and 15,500 graduate students. GWU is home to extensive student life programs, a strong Greek culture, and over 450 other student organizations. The school's athletic teams, the George Washington Colonials, play in the NCAA Division I Atlantic 10 Conference. GWU also annually hosts numerous political events, including the World Bank and International Monetary Fund's Annual Meetings.The university's alumni, faculty, and affiliates include 16 foreign heads of state or government, 28 United States senators, 27 United States governors, 18 U.S. Cabinet members, five Nobel laureates, two Olympic medalists, two Academy Award winners, and a Golden Globe winner. GWU has over 1,100 active alumni in the U.S. Foreign Service and is one of the largest feeder schools for the diplomatic corps.S.C.C.C.C.S.C.C.C.S.C.S.C.S.C.S.C.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.C.C.C.C.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.C.S.
Platinum drugs are used in first-line to treat ovarian cancer, but most of the patients eventually generate resistance after treatment with these drugs. Although both c-Myc and EZH2 have been implicated in regulating cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer, the interplay between these two regulators is poorly understood. Using RNA sequence analysis (RNA-seq), for the first time we find that miR-137 level is extremely low in cisplatin resistant ovarian cancer cells, correlating with higher levels of c-Myc and EZH2 expression. Further analyses indicate that in resistant cells c-Myc enhances the expression of EZH2 by directly suppressing miR-137 that targets EZH2 mRNA, and increased expression of EZH2 activates cellular survival pathways, resulting in the resistance to cisplatin. Inhibition of c-Myc-miR-137-EZH2 pathway re-sensitizes resistant cells to cisplatin. Both in vivo and in vitro analyses indicate that cisplatin treatment activates c-Myc-miR-137-EZH2 pathway. Importantly, elevated c-Myc-miR-137-EZH2 pathway in resistant cells is sustained by dual oxidase maturation factor 1 (DUOXA1)-mediated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Significantly, clinical studies further confirm the activated c-Myc-miR-137-EZH2 pathway in platinum drug-resistant or recurrent ovarian cancer patients. Thus, our studies elucidate a novel role of miR-137 in regulating c-Myc-EZH2 axis that is crucial to the regulation of cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer.
We examine whether investor inattention influences managers’ non-GAAP earnings disclosures. Hirshleifer and Teoh’s (2003) theoretical model predicts that managers are more likely to disclose upwardly-biased non-GAAP metrics when investors are inattentive. Employing a measure that captures exogenous variation in institutional investor inattention, we find that managers are more likely to provide non-GAAP disclosures, particularly those where non-GAAP earnings are greater than GAAP earnings, when inattention is high. Moreover, inattention is positively associated with the magnitude of non-GAAP exclusions, which suggests managers present better non-GAAP performance to inattentive investors. Consistent with managers exploiting investors’ limited attention, we find that stock prices respond more strongly to non-GAAP exclusions when investors are inattentive and that managers are more likely to respond to inattention with income increasing non-GAAP disclosures if they sell shares following the disclosure. Taken together, these findings suggest that managers respond opportunistically to inattentive institutions by disclosing aggressive non-GAAP earnings metrics.
Background: Safety and efficacy of roflumilast cream 0.15% for atopic dermatitis (AD) were demonstrated in two 4-week phase 3 trials.Objective: Evaluate long-term safety, tolerability, and efficacy of roflumilast cream 0.15% in AD.Methods: In this open-label extension (OLE) trial (INTEGUMENT-OLE; NCT04804605), patients aged ≥6 years who completed one of the 4-week phase 3 trials applied roflumilast for up to 52 weeks. After 4 weeks of once-daily application, patients who achieved Validated Investigator Global Assessment for AD (vIGA-AD) of clear (0) switched to twice-weekly (BIW) application to normal-appearing flare-prone areas (proactive treatment).Results: Among 657 patients treated, 36.7% reported adverse events, including 4.7% that were treatment related. Application site pain and stinging/burning that caused definite discomfort at any visit were reported for 0.5% and 0.4%-2.1% of patients, respectively. Patients who achieved vIGA-AD 0 and switched to proactive BIW application maintained vIGA-AD 0/1 (almost clear) for a median of 281 days (Kaplan-Meier estimate).Conclusion: Roflumilast cream 0.15% was well tolerated for up to 56 weeks. BIW application to normal-appearing flare-prone sites maintained improvement in AD signs and symptoms, showing that proactive treatment represents an alternative to the current standard practice of reactive treatment.
Hydrogen storage remains a pivotal challenge for clean energy technologies, necessitating materials with high capacity, stability, and reversibility. In this study, we employed first-principles calculations to investigate the hydrogen storage performance of Li-decorated C18 two-dimensional (2D) monolayers, providing atomic-and electronic-level insights into the adsorption mechanism. Our calculations reveal that Li atoms bind strongly and uniformly to the C18 framework, avoiding clustering and generating optimal adsorption sites. Electronic structure analysis, including projected density of states (PDOS) and charge density difference mapping, indicates significant orbital hybridization between Li 2s orbitals and H2 sigma orbitals, facilitating a synergistic combination of Kubas-type interaction and van der Waals interactions that stabilizes molecular hydrogen without dissociation. Our calculations show that Li atoms are stably bound to C18, exhibiting an adsorption energy of-2.378 eV. Adsorption energy and orbital-resolved analysis demonstrate that the interaction strength is tuned to allow reversible hydrogen uptake, leading to a gravimetric storage capacity that meets U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) target (5.5 wt%). The gravimetric storage capacity of Li-decorated C18 is as high as 9.92 wt%, exceeding the DOE target. Thermodynamic and kinetic assessments further confirm the feasibility of hydrogen adsorption/desorption under practical conditions. This study highlights the critical role of electronic structure modulation in optimizing hydrogen-metal interactions and establishes Li-decorated C18 as a promising platform for next-generation hydrogen storage materials.
W. Rump showed that there exists a one-to-one correspondence between involutive right non-degenerate solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation and Rump right quasigroups. J. S. Carter, M. Elhamdadi, and M. Saito, meanwhile, introduced a homology theory of set-theoretic solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation in order to define cocycle invariants of classical knots. In this paper, we introduce the normalized homology theory of an involutive right non-degenerate solution of the Yang-Baxter equation and prove that the set-theoretic Yang-Baxter homology of certain solutions can be split into the normalized and degenerated parts.
