The federal government of the United States (U.S. federal government or U.S. government)[a] is the national government of the United States, a federal republic in North America, composed of 50 states, a city within a federal district (the city of Washington in the District of Columbia, where the entire federal government is based), five major self-governing territories and several island possessions. The federal government is composed of three distinct branches: legislative, executive, and judicial, whose powers are vested by the U.S. Constitution in the Congress, the president and the federal courts, respectively. The powers and duties of these branches are further defined by acts of Congress, including the creation of executive departments and courts inferior to the Supreme Court.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.
James Webb Space Telescope ( JWST ) has revealed a large population of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) in the distant Universe, which are challenging our understanding of early massive black hole (BH) seeding and growth. We expand the exploration of this population to lower luminosities by stacking similar to 600 NIRSpec grating spectra from the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey (JADES) at 3 < z < 7, in bins of redshift, [O III ]5007 luminosity and equivalent width, UV luminosity, and stellar mass. In multiple stacks, we detect a broad component of H alpha without a counterpart in [O III ], implying that it is not due to outflows but traces the broad-line region of a large population of low-luminosity AGNs not detected in individual spectra. The detection, in some stacks, of high [O III ]4363/H gamma, typical of AGNs, further confirms the detection of a large population of AGNs. We infer that the stacks probe BHs with masses of a few times 10(6 )M(circle dot) accreting at rates L/L-Edd similar to 0.02-0.1, i.e. a low-mass and dormant parameter space poorly explored by previous studies on individual targets. We identify populations of BHs that fall within the scatter of the local M-BH -M-& lowast; scaling relation, indicating that there is a population of high- z BHs that are not overmassive relative to their host galaxies. Yet, on average, the stacks are still overmassive relative the local relation, with some of them 1-2 dex above it. We infer that the BH mass function at 3 < z < 5 is consistent with models in which BHs evolve through short bursts of super-Eddington accretion.
BACKGROUND:Introduction of pediatric-friendly dolutegravir (DTG) formulations to treat children living with HIV (CLHIV) has presented new opportunities to improve viral suppression; however, there are limited data on emerging patterns of HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) in this population. METHODS:We identified CLHIV aged 0-15 years experiencing virologic failure on first-line antiretroviral therapy in Uganda between January 2021 and November 2021 from the Central Public Health Laboratory database. Remnant viral load samples were tested for HIVDR using Sanger sequencing. Drug resistance mutations (DRMs) were identified, and antiretroviral susceptibility was interpreted using the Stanford University HIVDR Database algorithms. The prevalence of DRMs and HIVDR is summarized using descriptive statistics, and associations with demographic and clinical factors were determined using χ 2 tests. RESULTS:Among 333 successfully genotyped patient samples, 122 (36.6%) CLHIV were on a DTG-based regimen and 136 (40.8%) on a lopinavir-based regimen. Among all CLHIV, 271 (81.4%) had DRMs and 262 (78.7%) had any intermediate-to-high level HIVDR [including DTG (1.8%), lopinavir (9.6%), abacavir (ABC) (25.5%), and zidovudine (19.2%)]. Among CLHIV on a DTG-based regimen, 6.6% had any integrase inhibitor DRMs and 4.1% had intermediate-to-high resistance to DTG. Children on DTG-based regimens were less likely to have DRMs ( P = 0.007) or HIVDR ( P = 0.02) compared with all other regimens. CLHIV on DTG-based regimens with an ABC backbone were no more likely to have DRMs ( P = 0.9) or HIVDR ( P = 0.5) compared with those with a backbone not containing ABC. CONCLUSIONS:Low rates of DTG resistance among Ugandan CLHIV failing first-line DTG-based antiretroviral therapy regimens underscore the durability of DTG. Lack of difference in ABC resistance across all regimens supports maintaining an ABC backbone for CLHIV <30 kg when transitioning to a DTG-based regimen despite virologic failure.
Recent work found ethnic differences in the association between heart-rate variability, an index of emotion regulation (ER) capacity, and ER difficulties. The present study examined whether this relationship exists in adults from other marginalized ethnic backgrounds, African American|AfAm and Hispanic or Latino Americans|Hispanics, which remains unexplored in the literature. We addressed this gap by investigating whether self-reported ethnicity differentially moderated the relationship between log-transformed high-frequency HRV (HRV), and ER, indexed by suppression and reappraisal. A total of 1047 emerging adults (Mage = 19.7 yrs [1.7]) had complete ER and resting 10-min HRV data (82 AfAm [65% women], 183 Asians [52% women], 228 Hispanics [59% women], and 554 non-Hispanic White|NHW [60% women]). HRV was highest among AfAm and Hispanics and lowest among Asian individuals. Linear regression, adjusting for body habitus and sex, revealed that the HRV-reappraisal associations were of greater magnitude among self-identified ethnic minorities than NHW, despite similar mean levels of reappraisal. AfAm and Hispanics showed statistically similar negative associations, while similar marginal positive associations were observed among Asians and NHW. In contrast, AfAm and Asian individuals showed a statistically similar positive HRV-suppression association, which differed marginally from NHW. NHW reported lower suppression compared to all groups and showed a unique negative HRV-suppression association. Findings suggest that neurovisceral capacity and sociocultural contexts may jointly establish culturally-patterned regulatory behavior. Particular contexts, including discrimination, should be investigated as mediators of these associations in future work.
VULCANO is a facility of the PLINIUS severe accident platform at CEA, designed to melt up to 90 kg of UO2containing prototypic corium. It is equipped with standard cameras, a thermal camera, pyrometers, weighing scales and up to 150 type-K thermocouples and 10 type-C thermocouples. In VULCANO, two melting techniques can be used separately or combined: uranothermite and induction heating. Since 2014, a 400 kW induction generator has been installed on the PLINIUS platform, with a frequency range of 80 to 300 kHz. This device has been used in various tests to directly melt corium. In 2016, a thermite workshop was added, enabling the fabrication of up to 100 kg of uranothermite in controlled conditions. A large variety of composition has been fabricated and used inside VULCANO and others PLINIUS facilities. Both melting techniques have their advantages and limitations. However, it is possible to optimize the process by combining the rapid increase in uranothermite temperature with induction heating (to simulate the decay heat or continue to increase the temperature for example). Once the corium is molten, several kinds of experiments can be done in VULCANO facility. For example: let it cool to fabricate a fuel debris block, maintain the induction heating to simulate a molten core concrete interaction or spread the molten corium on a surface. In this paper, the temperature measurement results, dismantling observation of the solidified ingot for experiments with uranothermitic heating and uranothermitic and induction heating that have been done in the VULCANO facility are highlighted.
In Kenya, limited clinical data on hospitalized malaria patients restricts insights into disease severity and care quality. Using data from the Integrated Facility-based Surveillance (IFBS) system—a sentinel surveillance platform for febrile illnesses across twelve facilities—the assessment focused on risk factors for severe illness and mortality, diagnostic accuracy of microscopy, and adherence to severe malaria treatment guidelines. Analysis of IFBS data obtained from June 2017 to July 2024 was performed using bivariable logistic regression to identify factors linked to severe illness and deaths. Microscopy results were compared with PCR results to assess diagnostic concordance. Evaluation also included whether patients received parasitological confirmation before treatment and if severe cases received IV artesunate followed by artemether-lumefantrine (AL), per standard guidelines. Among 8,487 inpatients, 2,197 (25.9
