To refine the diagnostic criteria for rim arterial phase hyperenhancement (Rim APHE) and to evaluate the impact of this modification on the diagnostic performance for primary liver malignancies. This multicenter, retrospective study included patients with pathologically confirmed primary liver malignancies who underwent preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) before June 2021. Thirteen different measurement methods for Rim APHE were evaluated to determine the optimal criterion based on diagnostic performance. Two radiologists independently reviewed all observations, assigned Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) categories according to version 2018. The diagnostic performance of LI-RADS using original versus modified Rim APHE criteria was compared. The study enrolled 272 patients, including 204 with Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (170 men and 34 women; mean age, 57 years ±10) and 68 with non-HCC malignancies (53 men and 15 women; mean age, 56 years ±10). The optimal criterion for Rim APHE was the total thickness of the thickest part of peripheral hyperenhancement to tumor diameter (area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve [AUC] = 0.852; P < .001). With implementation of the modified Rim APHE criterion, the LR-5 criteria showed significantly superior AUC (0.770 vs. 0.752, p = .007), sensitivity (76.0
The optimal surgical approach for pediatric incarcerated inguinal hernia remains controversial. This study aimed to systematically compare the clinical outcomes of laparoscopic repair (LH) and open repair (OH) in children with incarcerated inguinal hernia through a systematic review and meta-analysis. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library from database inception to March 2026. Comparative studies evaluating LH versus OH in pediatric incarcerated inguinal hernia were included. Primary outcomes included operative time, intraoperative blood loss, and length of hospital stay. Secondary outcomes included intraoperative injury, wound infection, testicular atrophy, and recurrence. Pooled mean differences (MD) and odds ratios (OR) with 95
Electrocatalytic nitrate reduction reaction (NO3 -RR) offers a sustainable and energy-efficient alternative for green ammonia synthesis, with the added benefit of environmental remediation and resource recovery. In recent years, it has attracted significant attention. However, the challenges of achieving high selectivity and maintaining catalyst stability have substantially restricted its practical applications. To address these issues, researchers have proposed a variety of catalytic regulation strategies aimed at enhancing catalyst activity and product selectivity. This review systematically summarizes recent advances in catalyst design for NO3 -RR from the perspectives of composition regulation, structural engineering, and support strategies. We highlight the underlying mechanisms and performance features of each strategy, emphasizing their roles in modulating electronic structure, constructing efficient active sites, and optimizing interfacial environments. In addition, we discuss the potential of integrating multiple strategies and deepening the understanding of structure-activity relationships. Finally, we outline future directions and key challenges for developing efficient, stable, and scalable NO3 -RR catalytic systems, offering insights to guide continued progress in this emerging field.
New evidence shows that gut microbiota dysbiosis may play a crucial role in the development process of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). However, at present, the specific characteristics of the gut microbiota in patients with BPH have not been fully clarified. The PubMed, MEDLINE and Web of Science databases were systematically searched to find the clinical and preclinical studies related to the relationship between BPH and gut microbiota from the establishment of the databases to October 7, 2025. And the studies reporting on gut microbiota and BPH were analyzed. A total of 10 preclinical studies and 6 clinical studies were included. These studies covered 413 patients with BPH, 338 controls, and 5 different types of BPH mouse models in total. Compared with the control group, there were significant differences in β-diversity in the BPH group. A significant increase in the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio was regarded as a marker of the pathological condition. Specifically, changes in the abundances of Prevotella, Ruminococcus, and Lactobacillus may play a key role in the pathogenesis of the occurrence and development of BPH. The imbalance of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-18 (IL-18), as well as changes in the levels of intestinal tight junction protein-1 and claudin-1, may also be related to the pathogenesis of BPH. Changes in the abundances of specific gut microbiota and their metabolites, such as an increased F/B ratio and a decreased abundance of Lactobacillus, as well as the levels of inflammatory indicators and markers of intestinal barrier dysfunction, may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of BPH. These factors may become effective diagnostic means and potential therapeutic targets for BPH.
The treatment principle for locally advanced cervical cancer is concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT). However, local recurrence or distant metastasis may still occur after the completion of CCRT. Currently, there is no effective method to monitor the efficacy of CCRT and predict prognosis. This study aims to predict the therapeutic efficacy and prognosis by dynamically monitoring human papillomavirus (HPV) circulating tumor DNA (HPV ctDNA) levels. We enrolled 31 patients with locally advanced cervical cancer and used the HPV-Seq (14 subtypes) to quantify HPV genotype-specific DNA in plasma and tissues before and during CCRT, and in the post-treatment plasma. Regular imaging was performed to evaluate tumor regression. HPV reads in plasma and tissues decreased significantly during treatment (p < 0.05). Higher HPV ctDNA levels were associated with poorer treatment outcomes (p < 0.05). In univariate and multivariate analyzes, dynamic changes in plasma HPV ctDNA were an independent factor for predicting early treatment outcome. These findings indicate that longitudinal HPV ctDNA monitoring reflects the efficacy of CCRT in locally advanced cervical cancer and provides a basis for earlier identification of candidates for post-CCRT treatment intensive and prognostic stratification.
