哈佛医学院（HMS）即哈佛大学医学院，是世界上最顶尖的医学院，它因高超的医学技术与每年录取的学生最少而闻名世界。与商学院，法学院共同占有世界高等学术殿堂的一席地位，学院每年录取的国际学生极少极少，这样保证了学生的质量，学院提供了四个生物医学博士学位的课程：生物和生物医学科学（包括生物分子药理学、细胞生物学、发育和再生生物学、遗传学、微生物学和分子遗传学、病理学。），三个方案：免疫学、神经科学、病毒学。
Purpose: Surgery requires resilience when recovering from pain, time off work, and therapy. GRIT is defined as “perseverance and passion for long-term goals” and its relationship to outcomes after surgery has not been well studied. The aim of this study was to examine the correlation between GRIT obtained at 1-year follow-up and self-reported upper extremity physical function as measured via the Quick DASH questionnaire among patients undergoing thumb carpometacarpal arthroplasty. Methods: A retrospective chart review was completed for patients who underwent thumb carpometacarpal arthroplasty from 2022 to 2024. Patients completed the eight-question GRIT Scale, a validated measure of passion and perseverance for long-term goals, summarized on a scale of 1 (least GRIT) to 5 (most GRIT). Quick DASH scores were collected before surgery and after surgery at 6 weeks, at 3 months, and at 1 year after surgery. Correlations between GRIT Scale and changes in Quick DASH scores were assessed using Spearman correlation coefficients. Results: Eighty patients (54 females and 26 males) were included, with an average age of 65.8 (SD = 7.6). The mean GRIT score was 3.9 (SD = 0.6). Quick DASH score was 44.7 ± 16.2 presurgery and 24.5 ± 18.3 at 1 year or more postsurgery. The number of patients with a decrease in Quick DASH from baseline ≥12 (the minimal clinically important difference) was 10 (13%) at 6 weeks, 35 (45%) at 3 months, and 54 (68%) at 12 months postoperatively. Spearman correlation analyses demonstrated no significant associations between GRIT and Quick DASH scores at individual postoperative time points. However, in an adjusted linear mixed effects model, higher GRIT scores were independently associated with lower Quick DASH scores by 4.21 points, when accounting for age, gender, smoking status, hand dominance, and time from surgery. Conclusions: Higher GRIT scores were associated with statistically lower postoperative Quick DASH scores in adjusted analyses; however, the magnitude of this association was below the reported minimal clinically important difference. Future studies are needed to investigate the association between individual differences in character traits and patient outcomes to better align resources and further the ability to deliver individualized, quality health care. Type of study/level of evidence: Prognostic IV.
Purpose Surgery requires resilience when recovering from pain, time off work, and therapy. GRIT is defined as “perseverance and passion for long-term goals” and its relationship to outcomes after surgery has not been well studied. The aim of this study was to examine the correlation between GRIT obtained at 1-year follow-up and self-reported upper extremity physical function as measured via the QuickDASH questionnaire among patients undergoing thumb carpometacarpal arthroplasty. Methods A retrospective chart review was completed for patients who underwent thumb carpometacarpal arthroplasty from 2022 to 2024. Patients completed the eight-question GRIT Scale, a validated measure of passion and perseverance for long-term goals, summarized on a scale of 1 (least GRIT) to 5 (most GRIT). QuickDASH scores were collected before surgery and after surgery at 6 weeks, at 3 months, and at 1 year after surgery. Correlations between GRIT Scale and changes in QuickDASH scores were assessed using Spearman correlation coefficients. Results Eighty patients (54 females and 26 males) were included, with an average age of 65.8 (SD = 7.6). The mean GRIT score was 3.9 (SD = 0.6). QuickDASH score was 44.7 ± 16.2 presurgery and 24.5 ± 18.3 at 1 year or more postsurgery. The number of patients with a decrease in QuickDASH from baseline ≥12 (the minimal clinically important difference) was 10 (13%) at 6 weeks, 35 (45%) at 3 months, and 54 (68%) at 12 months postoperatively. Spearman correlation analyses demonstrated no significant associations between GRIT and QuickDASH scores at individual postoperative time points. However, in an adjusted linear mixed effects model, higher GRIT scores were independently associated with lower QuickDASH scores by 4.21 points, when accounting for age, gender, smoking status, hand dominance, and time from surgery. Conclusions Higher GRIT scores were associated with statistically lower postoperative QuickDASH scores in adjusted analyses; however, the magnitude of this association was below the reported minimal clinically important difference. Future studies are needed to investigate the association between individual differences in character traits and patient outcomes to better align resources and further the ability to deliver individualized, quality health care. Type of study/level of evidence Prognostic IV.
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) remains a major cause of chronic low back pain, yet effective disease-modifying therapies are lacking. Current advanced interventions, including cell-based therapies and matrix supplementation, often disrupt disc structural integrity and fail to achieve sustained regeneration. Here, we rationally designed and synthesized a series of arginine-based poly(ester amide)s (Arg-PEAs) as endplate-penetrating biomaterials for non-direct disc therapy. Unlike conventional intradiscal injection, Arg-PEAs were administered into the adjacent vertebral bodies, enabling trans-endplate delivery into the nucleus pulposus (NP). Among them, the lead polymer 8A6S demonstrated excellent biocompatibility and efficient accumulation within the NP, as confirmed by ex vivo and in vivo imaging. Mechanistically, 8A6S suppressed IL-17 signaling by attenuating TRAF6-mediated NF-κB activation, thereby reducing inflammatory catabolism (MMP13, ADAMTS5) and restoring anabolic extracellular matrix markers (ACAN, COL2A1, SOX9). This re-establishment of matrix homeostasis promoted NP regeneration in both rat and caprine models of IDD. Collectively, this study establishes Arg-PEAs as a new class of bioactive polymers capable of trans-endplate delivery and inflammation-modulating regeneration, providing a minimally invasive and structurally preserving strategy for IDD treatment.
Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) captures rich spatiotemporal information about ventricular structure and motion, but conventional risk models use only a few image-derived indices from selected cardiac phases. We present a latent dynamical model that encodes bi-ventricular anatomy and full-cycle cine motion as a continuous latent trajectory, using heart-rate-aware neural ordinary differential equation (ODE) dynamics and a graph-based mesh autoencoder to reconstruct anatomically consistent 3D+t ventricular motion. A covariate-conditioned prior defines the expected end-diastolic latent state, and a Cox proportional hazards model tests whether deviations from this prior predict incident heart failure. We studied 72,386 UK Biobank participants without baseline cardiovascular disease, including 367 incident heart failure events. In a held-out evaluation subset, adding the latent score to refitted pooled cohort equations improved the stratified C-index from 0.704 to 0.785, compared with 0.764 for seven established cardiac markers. Compared with non-graph and non-ODE approaches, the proposed model gave the best trade-off between reconstruction fidelity, generative realism, and downstream prognostic performance. These results suggest that continuous full-cycle modeling of ventricular motion provides informative cardiac phenotypes beyond conventional CMR summaries, while external validation in more representative patient cohorts is required before clinical risk-prediction use.
