This paper aims to examine a moderated mediation model of consumers' financial distress and spending behavior through anxiety moderated by income. Data from 826 consumers in the United States were collected, and partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was applied to analyze the hypothesized relationships in the research model. The findings indicated a positive impact of financial distress on anxiety, subsequently resulting in reduced spending behavior. Importantly, the analysis revealed that consumers' income levels did not exhibit moderating effects on the correlation between financial distress and consumer anxiety. Furthermore, it was observed that income did not play a moderating role in the relationship between consumer anxiety and consumer spending behavior. We contribute to consumer behavior research by offering theoretical and contextual insights into spending behavior. Additionally, we provide managerial recommendations for marketers in the context of consumer financial distress.
Life satisfaction is widely used as a social indicator to direct governmental interventions that target individuals’ quality of life. Issues of dimensionality and equivalent functioning of common measures such as the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) may negatively implicate inferences and decisions derived from those measures. Using a cross-sectional design and a convenience sample of 255 Polish managers (mean age = 48.9 ± 8.2 years, 22.6
Autobiographical memory specificity is markedly reduced in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD). Because emotion is known to facilitate autobiographical memory retrieval in healthy adults, we investigated whether emotional cueing could enhance autobiographical specificity in bvFTD. Patients with bvFTD and age-matched healthy control participants were asked to retrieve autobiographical memories in response to positive, negative, and neutral cue words. Participants were also asked to rate the emotional valence of the memories they retrieved. Across all cue conditions, patients with bvFTD demonstrated lower autobiographical specificity than control participants. However, emotional cues did not modulate autobiographical specificity in bvFTD, as memories elicited by positive, negative, and neutral cues were comparable in both specificity and emotional valence. In contrast, control participants showed a strong emotional cueing effect, with positive cues eliciting more specific and emotionally positive memories than neutral or negative cues. Emotional valence ratings further revealed a dissociation between groups, with control participants showing differentiated emotional responses across cue conditions, whereas patients with bvFTD exhibited a flattened emotional profile. Together, these findings indicate that emotional cues fail to enhance autobiographical specificity or emotional experience in bvFTD, highlighting a profound disruption in emotion–memory integration that may contribute to altered self-related processing in this condition.
This study challenges the cultural dominance of the "survivor" identity in cancer discourse by exploring how hope is constructed in the lived narrative of Michele El Hajal, a young Lebanese woman facing terminal illness. It introduces the Hope Bearer Identity Model (HBIM), a multidimensional framework that reframes hope as an identity-centered practice. A retrospective single-case study analyzed 147 narrative segments from social media, interviews, and documentaries. Data were transcribed, translated, and thematically coded in NVivo. Structural validation included co-occurrence mapping and lexical clustering. Five interrelated constructs defined HBIM: Existential Anchoring, Narrative Bridging, Symbolic Activation, Dialogical Positioning, and Transpersonal Resonance, revealing hope as a dynamic identity practice rooted in spirituality, relational dialog, and communal transcendence. Structural analyses confirmed high thematic interdependence. HBIM extends existing hope and PTG theories by positioning hope as a performative, identity-constitutive process sustained through spiritual anchoring, narrative integration, symbolic ritualization, relational dialog, and transpersonal resonance, offering a culturally situated, clinically actionable framework for terminal illness contexts where survivor-centric narratives, and growth-after-adversity models prove insufficient.
The concept of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) has emerged as a central framework for organizational sustainability, alongside employee performance and retention as critical human capital outcomes. This study addresses a notable gap in the literature by situating ESG practices within the field of sustainable human resource management and examining their role in the Lebanese cultural settings, characterized by a vulnerable institutional ecosystem and crisis-driven work environments. A quantitative method was employed using a structured questionnaire, yielding a sample of 495 respondents. The results showed that environmental and governance practices significantly influenced employee performance, whereas social responsibility initiatives did not have a statistically significant effect on performance. All ESG dimensions significantly influenced employee retention. This study advances ESG and sustainable HRM research by providing employee-level empirical evidence from a crisis-affected economy, demonstrating how ESG practices function as internal performance and retention mechanisms rather than solely as external legitimacy tools.
