Hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HR + /HER2 −) breast cancer (BC) is the most frequently diagnosed subtype of BC, accounting for approximately 70
High-grade B-cell lymphoma with 11q-aberration (HGBCL-11q) is a rare pediatric non-Hodgkin lymphoma. This study assessed outcome in 90 children with HGBCL-11q. With survival rates ≥95%, patients with HGBCL-11q and no predisposition are candidates for deescalated therapy in future prospective trials.
PURPOSE:HER2DX is a validated genomic assay used to support treatment decisions in early-stage HER2-positive (HER2+) breast cancer. It provides three scores: relapse risk, likelihood of pathologic complete response (pCR), and ERBB2 mRNA expression. This study aimed to evaluate the association between HER2DX and histopathologic features and assess its relationship with pCR after neoadjuvant therapy. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN:Patients with newly diagnosed stage I to III HER2+ breast cancer were analyzed based on available HER2DX results during routine care in Spain (January 2022-June 2025). Centralized HER2DX testing was performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor samples. Histopathologic analysis included tumor grade, hormone receptor status, histologic subtype, Ki67 index, HER2 IHC score, stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), tertiary lymphoid structures, and spatial immune distribution. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with pCR after neoadjuvant trastuzumab-based therapy. RESULTS:A total of 410 HER2+ tumors were analyzed, and 250 patients received neoadjuvant trastuzumab-based therapy with available surgical outcomes (36% achieved a pCR). HER2DX pCR scores were significantly associated with all eight histopathologic features, whereas relapse risk and ERBB2 scores were associated with five and two, respectively. TIL correlated with the immune/immunoglobulin signature (r = 0.59), and Ki67 with the proliferation signature (r = 0.50). The HER2DX pCR score remained the only independent predictor of pCR in multivariable analysis (OR, 1.77; 95% confidence interval, 1.08-2.97; P = 0.030). CONCLUSIONS:HER2DX reflects key biological and pathologic features of HER2+ breast cancer and independently predicts pCR, supporting its utility for individualized treatment decision-making.
Oxidative stress (OS) resulting from an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and antioxidant defenses plays a pivotal role in vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and hypertension. ROS derived from NADPH oxidase, mitochondria, and xanthine oxidase promote endothelial dysfunction by inducing lipid and protein oxidation, apoptosis, and pro-inflammatory signaling, thereby enhancing smooth muscle proliferation and atherogenesis. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms linking OS to vascular injury and aims to systematically elucidate the role of OS in vascular diseases, with a specific focus on critiquing the current challenges in translating biomarkers to clinical practice and the emerging trends in personalized antioxidant therapy. Particular attention is given to biomarkers of oxidative stress, including those assessing antioxidant enzyme activity and oxidative damage products, which possess potential for clinical use. Therapeutic strategies targeting OS, including dietary and pharmacological antioxidants, show promise in improving vascular health, although clinical outcomes have been inconsistent and it is necessary to resolve the standardization and validation of these biomarkers, develop precise targeted therapies against specific ROS sources (e.g., NOX inhibitors, mitochondrial antioxidants), and explore personalized clinical trials based on redox stratification. Overall, OS is a central mediator in vascular pathology, and progress in biomarker validation and targeted therapies will be essential to translate current knowledge into effective prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Personalized approaches based on accurate redox profiling may enhance efficacy.
