Two-dimensional (2D) materials like arsenene and Al2S3 hold promise for optoelectronics but are limited by wide bandgaps and large exciton binding energies. Here, we design an Arsenene/Al2S3 van der Waals heterostructure and systematically investigate its stability, electronic structure, and optoelectronic properties via first-principles calculations. Our results reveal that the heterostructure exhibits high stability and forms a typical type-II band alignment, which facilitates effective spatial separation of photogenerated carriers. Remarkably, the heterostructure possesses a reduced band gap of 0.81 eV, a high hole mobility reaching the order of ∼104 cm2 V−1 s−1. This mobility value originates from an ideal acoustic deformation-potential model and serves only as a theoretical upper limit rather than a practical device transport parameter, and a significantly decreased exciton binding energy of 310 meV, substantially lower than those of the isolated monolayers. Moreover, the heterostructure demonstrates strong optical absorption across both the visible and ultraviolet regions. These properties position the arsenene/Al2S3 heterostructure as a promising candidate for high-performance optoelectronic applications.
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a type B trichothecene mycotoxin produced by fusarium species, which widely contaminates grains and feed, posing a serious threat to human and animal health, with the liver as one of its key target organs. This review summarises in vivo and in vitro studies indicating that DON induces liver injury through multiple synergistic mechanisms, among which ferroptosis has attracted increasing attention; other core mechanisms include ribosomal stress response triggered by ribosomal function inhibition, reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst and lipid peroxidation (LPO), inflammatory cascades, and various forms of programmed cell death. In terms of protective mechanisms, the innovative potential of diverse protective strategies is highlighted: natural compounds exert significant hepatoprotective effects by activating the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) antioxidant pathway, inhibiting nuclear factor-kappa B kinase subunit beta (NF-κB) inflammatory signalling, and interfering with ferroptosis, while probiotic microorganisms, nanomaterials, epigenetic modulators, and physicochemical methods also show considerable detoxification capacity. Despite significant progress, future research should focus on the cumulative effects of long-term low-dose exposure and the combined toxicity of multiple mycotoxins, with emphasis on species specificity and dose dependency. Centering on the "GPX4-ferroptosis" axis, this review integrates research data to establish a comprehensive evidence chain, elucidate the "target-mechanism-consequence" logic of DON-induced hepatotoxicity, and provide a crucial theoretical basis for understanding its mechanisms and developing effective prevention and control strategies.
The liver, a vital metabolic organ with critical roles in detoxification, digestion, and metabolism, is highly susceptible to damage caused by the consumption of alcohol and drugs or infection of viruses. Persistent injury to the liver may progress to severe conditions. Flavonoid monomers, characterized by a fundamental 2-phenylchromone backbone, are a class of traditional Chinese medicine-derived natural polyphenolic compounds. These compounds can inhibit inflammation, oxidation, fibrosis, cancer, and diverse other pathological disorders pharmacologically, which are promising for the treatment of liver diseases. However, the specific mechanisms of flavonoid monomers in liver diseases remain unclear. Based on an extensive literature review, this work summarizes recent research advances on the mechanism of flavonoid monomers in liver diseases. This review is expected to provide novel insights that support the therapeutic application of flavonoid monomers in liver disease treatment.
Ecological stoichiometry provides critical insights into plant physiological strategies and nutrient cycling, yet how soil amendments influence crop yield via organ-specific stoichiometric traits remains poorly understood. Here, we aimed to disentangle these mechanisms with contrasting amendments. A field experiment was conducted, with four treatments: control, straw return, biochar application, and silicon-modified biochar (Si-biochar) application. During two rice-growing seasons, we measured rice yield, growth traits, soil parameters, and organ C–N–P concentrations, allocation, and mass-based C:N:P ratios. To distinguish biomass-driven dilution/concentration effects from C-N-P uptake changes, we developed a novel Elemental Concentration Change Attribution Index (ECCAI). Straw return reduced yield by 22.7
Nanorobots have been used in smart health to collect time series data such as electrocardiograms and electroencephalograms. Real-time classification of dynamic time series signals in nanorobots is a challenging task. Nanorobots in the nanoscale range require a classification algorithm with low computational complexity. First, the classification algorithm should be able to dynamically analyze time series signals and update itself to process the concept drifts (CD). Second, the classification algorithm should have the ability to handle catastrophic forgetting (CF) and classify historical data. Most importantly, the classification algorithm should be energy-efficient to use less computing power and memory to classify signals in real-time on a smart nanorobot. To solve these challenges, we design an algorithm that can Prevent Concept Drift in Online continual Learning for time series classification (PCDOL). The prototype suppression item in PCDOL can reduce the impact caused by CD. It also solves the CF problem through the replay feature. The computation per second and the memory consumed by PCDOL are only 3.572M and 1KB, respectively. The experimental results show that PCDOL is better than several state-of-the-art methods for dealing with CD and CF in energy-efficient nanorobots.
