Indian Institute of Management Kozhikode

The phenomenon of multinational enterprises (MNEs) internationalization speed as a time-based dimension has drawn significant attention from international business researchers over the last two decades. However, the theoretical foundations and synthesis of the literature remain fragmented, thus calling for a critical assessment and review. We use an inductive approach and qualitative content analysis to review 122 articles published in prominent international business and management journals. We highlight conceptualization issues and provide a theoretical synthesis of the literature on antecedents and outcomes of internationalization speed. Finally, we provide future research directions based on the gaps in the existing literature.

This study examines the role of business incubators in supporting start-ups in emerging markets, where resource limitations require entrepreneurs to either rely on entrepreneurial bricolage or invest in developing dynamic capabilities in their early stages. Although prior research has explored incubators, less attention has been given to how they help start-ups move beyond static short-term bricolage toward building long-term dynamic capabilities under resource-constrained conditions. Using data from 403 start-ups, the study tests the moderating effect of incubator support on the relationship between bricolage, dynamic capabilities, and venture performance. The findings suggest that incubators significantly strengthen the positive impact of dynamic capabilities on start-up performance compared to that of bricolage. In emerging markets, incubators thus enable start-ups to cultivate adaptive, growth-oriented capabilities rather than relying solely on static bricolage practices. The study offers implications for policymakers, founders, and incubator managers seeking to promote sustainable start-up development and scaling.

Purpose - To understand how personal sensemaking has evolved in response to the changing conditions where complexity and uncertainty become the norm, the study conceptually explores the emotion-sensemaking relationship at the individual level for entrepreneurs by adding the "duration" dimension to emotion along with its valence and intensity dimensions. Design/methodology/approach - The authors conceptually built and extended the existing understanding of the emotion-sensemaking model. Specifically, we employed an integrative literature synthesis method by drawing insights from multiple literature streams, including entrepreneurship, individual sensemaking, emotion and decision-making. Findings - Our theoretical synthesis yielded seven propositions. We propose a novel understanding that sensemaking is often a proactively initiated process by entrepreneurs experiencing positive emotion. We also propose that although the negative emotions of moderate intensity elicited by a disruption put one's focus on an issue, it is the duration of the felt negative emotion and its subsequent shift to a positive emotion that triggers sensemaking rather than the negative emotion itself. Our arguments also lead to propositions linking entrepreneurs' internal emotion-sensemaking process to tangible outcomes such as temporal ambidexterity and pivot decisions. We also provide future research directions to test our propositions and the potential theoretical and practical implications. Originality/value - We introduce a proactive form of sensemaking and its triggers in the context of entrepreneurship. We also add nuance to the current emotion-sensemaking model by adding another dimension (time duration) to emotion. Finally, our study explores the practical implications of linking the influence of emotion and sensemaking to more observable outcomes in entrepreneurship.

The rapid expansion of on-demand food delivery (ODFD) platforms has intensified concerns about the sustainability of gig work, particularly due to high rider churn. This study investigates operational-level drivers of rider churn in the ODFD sector using a survival analysis framework enhanced with interpretable machine learning (IML) techniques. A right-censored dataset from a leading ODFD platform comprising delivery records, weather, traffic conditions, and rider activity is analysed. Traditional survival models are limited by strict assumptions that are difficult to verify in partially concealed datasets. To overcome this, advanced machine learning-based survival models are utilised and compared using the concordance index to select the optimal algorithm. To improve transparency in machine learning algorithm outputs, IML tools, such as feature importance and partial dependence plots, are used to identify key factors influencing rider attrition. The findings highlight critical operational factors driving churn, offering actionable insights for platform managers seeking to improve rider retention and reduce inefficiencies. This study contributes methodologically by integrating machine learning with survival analysis, in combination with IML tools. It also advances empirical understanding of micro-level dynamics affecting gig worker sustainability. The approach offers a robust decision support framework to address workforce instability in platform-based service ecosystems.

Financial inclusion is widely promoted as a pathway to household economic well-being, but evidence on its distributional impact across social groups in developing economies remains limited. Using nationally representative survey data of Indian households, this study provides new causal evidence on how financial inclusion affects household financial wealth, net wealth, and subjective financial well-being, with particular attention to caste-based heterogeneity. Our result shows that greater engagement with formal financial services significantly improves all three wealth outcomes. However, the gains are not linear. The Generalized Propensity Score dose-response analysis reveals that financial inclusion is most transformative when households transition from exclusion to basic participation in the formal financial system. Beyond a certain level of exposure, the marginal gain diminishes, especially among historically disadvantaged caste groups. These findings suggest that financial inclusion is not a one-size-fits-all solution. It uplifts households when basic financial needs remain unmet, but deeper engagement, particularly with multiple credit instruments or complex products, can become overwhelming when not supported by financial capability and stable economic opportunities. Therefore, our findings underscore the need for policies that deliver targeted financial education, simplify financial products, strengthen rural banking outreach, and monitor credit quality to ensure access translates into sustained wealth accumulation.