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Research on hip fracture prevention in men is limited. In men, physical activity and body mass index were independently and jointly associated with hip fracture risk, with the highest risk among inactive and thin men. Promoting exercise and healthy weight in midlife may reduce fracture burden and support healthy ageing. Hip fractures predominantly affect older people with frailty. The incidence increases with age, and the number is expected to increase substantially due to population aging. Physical inactivity and low body mass index (BMI) are key modifiable risk factors for hip fractures. This study aimed to explore the associations of physical activity and BMI with long-term hip fracture risk in men. This prospective cohort study included 12,900 men aged 40–49 years from the Oslo study 1972–1973. A questionnaire assessed physical activity, whereas height and weight were measured. Hip fractures were identified through linkage to a national database. Cox regression calculated adjusted hazard ratios (HR) with 95
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1595131.].
BACKGROUND:Adrenal crisis is a life-threatening emergency. Despite preventive strategies, previous reports suggest increasing incidence and substantial mortality, but robust validated data are limited. OBJECTIVE:To assess temporal trends in adrenal crisis incidence and identify associated risk factors. METHODS:We studied 1040 patients with autoimmune or idiopathic primary adrenal insufficiency enrolled in the Norwegian Addison Registry. Medical records were reviewed for crisis-related hospitalizations between 2000 and 2023. Overt adrenal crisis was defined by acute clinical deterioration with hemodynamic or biochemical abnormalities, whereas incipient crisis was defined by typical symptoms without objective abnormalities. RESULTS:During a median follow-up of 15 years, 660 patients (63%) experienced crisis-related hospitalizations, and 265 (25%) had an overt adrenal crisis after diagnosis. The incidence of overt crises was 3.2 per 100 person-years and that of incipient crises was 6.9 per 100 person-years. Admission rates for incipient crises increased significantly over time (p < 0.001), whereas overt crisis rates remained stable. Among 1754 admissions, five deaths (0.3%) were attributed to adrenal crisis. Both younger and older age (p < 0.001) and type 1 diabetes (incidence rate ratio 2.09, 95% confidence interval 1.45-3.01; p < 0.001) were associated with increased overt crisis risk. Daily corticosteroid dose was not associated with crisis risk. Prehospital stress dosing was used in about 50% of admissions. CONCLUSIONS:Overt adrenal crisis was uncommon and crisis-related in-hospital mortality was exceptionally low. Crisis risk was independent of replacement dose but increased in patients with type 1 diabetes. Strengthening education and implementation of prehospital stress dosing may further reduce the burden of adrenal crises.
BACKGROUND:Late-life depression (LLD) is frequently accompanied by cognitive impairment, but short-term treatment-related cognitive change and its predictors remain uncertain. We investigated whether age at first depressive episode, neuropsychiatric symptom phenotype, and baseline peripheral neuroinflammatory biomarkers are associated with cognitive improvement during inpatient treatment for LLD. METHODS:We analysed older inpatients with DSM-IV major depressive disorder from the multi-centre PRODE cohort (n = 136; age ≥ 60). Clinical care was standard, multidisciplinary, and individualised for about eight weeks. Cognition was assessed at admission and discharge using a comprehensive battery. Baseline neuropsychiatric symptoms were measured using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), and 12 serum inflammatory markers were collected at admission. RESULTS:Mixed-effects models did not detect overall cognitive improvement across cognitive measures. Late-onset depression (LOD, age 50 years or older) predicted greater improvements in immediate (β = 0.48 95 % CI [0.03, 0.92]) and delayed (β = 0.48 95 % CI [0.01, 0.94]) recall, which were not significant after correcting for multiple comparisons (ps > 0.08). Latent class analysis (LCA) supported three neuropsychiatric classes. Compared with the Reference class, the Mild class showed larger gains in verbal fluency and delayed recall and greater reduction in Montgomery Aasberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) scores, whereas the Severe class did not differ. Lower baseline interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) - α predicted better recognition memory (β = -0.15, 95 % CI [-0.25, - 0.05]). CONCLUSIONS:In real-world inpatient care, cognitive improvement in LLD was limited after adjustment. A mild neuropsychiatric profile, and pro-inflammatory biomarkers might be linked to cognitive benefits.
