We demonstrated in previous investigations that the internal structure of paintings can be visualized with conventional radiography in transmission mode when paintings have the proper stratigraphy. Unfortunately, there are many paintings that do not result in useful images. This problem can be solved by using radiography in emission mode. With this technique, the painting is irradiated with high energetic X-rays originating from an X-ray tube operating at 100 keV - 320 keV while inside the painting low energetic signals such as photoelectrons or characteristic photons are being generated. These signals escape from the top 10 µm of the painting and are able to illuminate the imaging plate. However, this technique has also some disadvantages. One of them is that it is not able to visualize underlying paintings. In this study, we explored the possibility to enhance the information depth by increasing the energy of the photon source from 100 keV up to 1.3325 MeV (i.e., 60 Co source). At the same time, we also studied how the contrast between pigments is generated in emission mode. For this, we used mathematical simulation of particle transport in matter to understand the relation between input particle (particle type such as photon, electron or positron and the energy of the particle), the material being irradiated (element from which it is composed, thickness and density) and the output signal (generated particle types and energy). Finally, we will show that it is possible to image paintings using a 192 Ir and even a 60 Co source.
Kuwait Oil Company (KOC) is responsible for exploration, production and exporting crude oil in the State of Kuwait. As part of the Company’s expansion to increase the production, several new pipelines have been constructed. At the export tank farm storage area, four new filling pipelines were commissioned in 2009 as these pipelines are strategically important for sustaining crude oil export. In May, 2014, a leak was reported in a 34” (863 mm) diameter pipelines due to internal corrosion and subsequently three more leaks occurred. Moreover, another 34” (863 mm) diameter pipelines leak was reported during the same period. Since the pipelines leaked after a short span of 5 years in operation, it was considered a serious threat, both pipelines were inspected by using ultrasonic ILI tool where severe internal corrosion damage was detected. This necessitated further investigations to determine the root-cause of the internal corrosion, so that remedial measures can be taken. Internal Corrosion Direct Assessment (ICDA) methodology was utilized to determine the root-cause of the internal corrosion of the filling pipelines. This paper describes all the activities that have been carried out determine the root cause.
A dispersive solid-phase extraction-gas chromatography(GC) method had been developed for the detection of six kinds of eugenol drug residues in aquatic products at the same time. Sample was ultrasonic extracted by acetone,constant volume after rotary evaporation concentration,using dispersive solid-phase extraction(DSPE) purification,determined by gas chromatograph. External standard calibration was adopted in the determination. Six kinds of eugenol type of anesthetic showed good linearity in the concentrations range of0.05~10.0μg/m L for the standard solutions carves,and all of the correlation coefficents(R2) were in 0.9995~0.9999. At the spiked levels of 0.1~1.0mg/kg in tilapia,south America white shrimp,eel,swimming crab muscle,the average recoveries were 80.3% ~103.2%. The relative standard deviations were 0.7% ~5.4%. The limits of quantificationg(LOQ),all of the six kinds of eugenol drug residues(Eugenol,Methyl eugenol,Iso-eugenol,Methyl iso-eugenol,Eugenol acetate,Acetyl iso-eugenol)were 0.1mg/kg.
This paper presented the provincial random inspection of product quality on gum turpentine from 2012 to 2014 in Fujian province. The results of statistics and analysis indicated that the population mean of most of quality index was at high level and the product of all level was superior to GB/T 129001-2006, Gum Turpentine. However, there were still some quality problems in individual products. With regard to the quality problem, this paper elaborated the main reason and proposed to recommendation for improvement.
In order to reduce volumetric positioning errors of CNC machine tools,a method of modifying G codes was researched for compensating geometric errors. Based on multi- body system theory,a universal error model of multi- axis CNC machine tools was built,and then a volumetric error model of 3- axis CNC machine tools was built according to the universal model. In three- dimensional space,a linear interpolation algorithm was presented to compensate any linear trajectory. A circular interpolation algorithm was also proposed to improve the positioning accuracy of the circle center. By using both of the algorithms,different interpolation accuracy can be set. In addition,the universal method of G- code modification was applied to realize the algorithms. Error compensation experiments were conducted on a3- axis CNC machine tool of XZOY structure,and the experimental results verified its eftectiveness.
