Institute of Human Behaviour and Allied Sciences

Interleukin 18 (IL18) induce severe inflammation, promotes Th1 cells and express in the small intestinal mucosa in patients with celiac disease (CeD). Association of promoter region polymorphisms at position 137G > C and 607C > A were reported in autoimmune diseases but sparsely in CeD and in their first-degree relatives (FDRs). A total of 558 children with CeD and their 1565 FDRs were evaluated. About 263 FDRs were anti-tissue transglutaminase antibody (tTG-IgA) positive and out of these, 222 were histopathology positive. Serology negative FDRs served as controls. IL18 gene polymorphism and HLA DQ2 DQ8 genotypes were assessed by Polymerase Chain Reaction-Sequence Specific Primer (PCR-SSP) method. The most frequent genotype was GC allele of 137G > C polymorphism, being 465 (62.5

The narrative review aims to identify the psychosocial issues and interventions for disaster-affected women in India. A standard narrative review was followed for identifying, screening and selecting the studies for revealing the results. The review included 6 studies out of 193, published between 2005 and 2024. The critical quality appraisal checklist and thematic analysis were employed in the review. The study characteristics found that the majority of the included studies are from the Southern part of India, community-based studies, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) as the most common psychiatric disorder. The key themes identified were psychosocial issues and associated factors, psychosocial interventions, effectiveness and contextual relevance of psychosocial support. The study concludes that there is a need for gender-inclusivity and effective long-term interventions for disaster-affected women in India.

Nearly 70% medical decisions are related to diagnosis, and their treatment revolves around laboratory results, emphasizing the need for reliable performance evaluation. Measurement Uncertainty (MU) reflects variations due to imprecision within the analytical phase, whereas Total Error (TE) estimate combines imprecision and bias, thus directly impacts clinical interpretation. Study was conducted in the Biochemistry Laboratory, Neurochemistry Department, IHBAS, Delhi from September 2024 to February 2025) to assess and compare performance of biochemical tests by calculating MU and TE over six months and evaluate their clinical utility and relative applicability in laboratory performance. Internal Quality Controls (IQC; two levels, daily) were used to calculate imprecision and External Quality Assessment (EQA, CMC Vellore) provided bias estimates. MU was calculated from six-monthly IQC data's SD and CV. TE was calculated from bias and SD and was compared against Total allowable error (TEa) limits. This was observed that Six-monthly MU for most analytes viz. Glucose- 6.44%/6.13%, Creatinine- 8.31%/6.40%, Sodium- 3.60%,/3.80% and Cholesterol- 8.64%/6.98% for Level-1/Level-2 controls respectively, were in acceptable limits. However, TE values exceeded TEa for several analytes despite acceptable MU suggesting that MU alone underestimated these clinically relevant errors, while six-monthly TE captured both bias and imprecision more comprehensively. Our findings propose that MU supports longitudinal monitoring, where consistency is more critical than absolute agreement with a peer group mean. Though MU reflects analytical stability; TE identifies analytes at risk of exceeding permissible error thresholds. Thus both together offers, critical quality tools for quality assurance and clinician confidence in reported results.

Background There has been an increase in incidents of violence against doctors. We aimed to explore the perceived nature and causes of violence faced or witnessed by doctors and its perceived impact on them and on medical practice in India. Methods A semi-structured validated questionnaire comprising demographic and work-related details, particulars of incidents of violence, perceived reasons and impact of the incidents, was disseminated to doctors practising in India through various email and WhatsApp groups and messages. Participation was voluntary, and responses were anonymized. Results Of the 439 responses received, 80.2% reported having faced or witnessed workplace violence (WPV), of which verbal abuse was the most common, followed by physical and sexual violence. Mental health was affected by the incident, lasting for weeks to a year. Measures to prevent WPV and outcomes of reporting the incidents were inadequate. Mob mentality and unrealistic expectations of a good outcome were considered important contributory factors, and practical skill training of doctors and safety measures at the workplace were considered preventive factors. Conclusion WPV against medical professionals is a matter of concern. Measures at various levels can be introduced to prevent WPV, including an adequate system of reporting and measures to address them in real time, incorporation of various practical communication skills in the medical graduate curriculum, and rigorous implementation of the law.

Summary: Background: Data of Central Nervous System (CNS) demyelinating disorders from India has been published from limited centres. The Indian Multiple Sclerosis And Allied Demyelinating Disorders Registry and Research Network (IMSRN) is a multicentric database for multiple sclerosis and allied demyelinating disorders in the Indian subcontinent. This study aimed to describe the demographic, clinical, laboratory, treatment, and follow-up details of patients in the IMSRN and summarise the distribution of major disease phenotypes in a real-world cohort. Methods: This was a prospective, observational, registry-based analysis of patients with CNS demyelinating disorders enrolled in the IMSRN between 16 August 2021 and 25 October 2025. Data were collected in a predefined case record form at recruitment and periodically every six months on a secure database. We performed descriptive and comparative analyses, including temporal trends, treatment patterns, and longitudinal follow-up. Findings: As of 25th October, 2025, 4976 patients have been recruited including radiologically isolated syndrome (RIS), 15 (0.30%); clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), 200 (4.02%); multiple sclerosis (MS), 2479 (49.82%); neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), 793 (15.94%); myelin oligodendrocyte antibody associated disease (MOGAD), 698 (14.03%); acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), 76 (1.53%); chronic relapsing inflammatory optic neuritis (CRION), 34 (0.68%); chronic lymphocytic inflammation with pontine perivascular enhancement responsive to steroids (CLIPPERS), three (0.06%), and others, 562 (11.29%). The mean (SD) age of the entire cohort at enrolment is 34.62 (12.16) years, at disease onset was 29.12 (11.80) years and median (IQR) disease duration at recruitment is 2.79 (0.51–7.22) years; longest for MS. There were 65.33% females and 34.67% males, with a female-to-male ratio of 1.9:1; highest in NMOSD (3.58:1). Most patients are from urban areas and educated. Optic nerve and spinal cord involvement were the dominant areas at first presentation. The median (IQR) number of relapses per patient over follow-up was 2 (1–3) highest in the NMOSD population; dominated by optic nerve and spinal cord symptoms. The median (IQR) EDSS was 2 (1–4.5). Rituximab was the commonest disease modifying therapy (DMT) used. Longitudinal trends reflect improvement in time-to-diagnosis and significant shift in the pattern of DMT use in MS towards oral DMTs and B-cell inhibitors. Interpretation: The paper describes a cohort of patients with MS and allied disorders. The key disease characteristics of the MS population seem similar to those reported in international MS registries. The data adds to the existing literature to ascertain disease patterns, response to treatment, and long-term outcome. Funding: The IMSRN registry is funded by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) vide Grant number 5/4-5/192/NeuroTF/2019-NCD-1.