The Institute of Marine Biology is a research institute of the National Academy of Science of Ukraine, which located in Odessa, Ukraine. The institute is organized on the base of the Odessa Branch of the Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas.
Based on the larval and pupal specimens 24 species /morphotypes of Chironomidae (Insecta, Diptera) are recorded for the first time in the Lower Dnipro region and Dnipro-Buh Estuary: Xenopelopia falcigera (Kieffer, 1911), Corynoneura scutellata Winnertz, 1846, Cricotopus (Isocladius) intersectus (Staeger, 1839), Hydrobaenus lugubris Fries, 1830, Limnophyes sp., Orthocladius (Euorthocladius) sp., Psectrocladius (Psectrocladius) sp. cf. zetterstedti Brundin, 1949, Chironomus (Camptochironomus) pallidivittatus Malloch, 1915, Ch. (Ca.) tentans (Fabricius, 1805), Ch. (Chironomus) cingulatus Meigen, 1830, Ch. (Lobochironomus) dorsalis Meigen, 1818, Demeijerea rufipes (Linnaeus, 1761), Dicrotendipes lobiger (Kieffer, 1921), Kieff erulus tendipediformis (Goetghebuer, 1921), Polypedilum (Polypedilum) nubifer (Skuse, 1889), Zavreliella marmorata (van der Wulp, 1858), Paratanytarsus inopertus (Walker, 1856), Pa. quintuplex Kieffer, 1922, Tanytarsus medius Reiss & Fittkau, 1971, T. pallidicornis (Walker, 1856), T. usmaensis Pagast, 1931, T. sp. cf. excavatus / nemorosus, T. sp. cf. formosanus Kieffer, 1912, T. sp. cf. lugens / glabrescens-type. Three species (X. falcigera, T. pallidicornis, T. usmaensis) and two morphotypes (T. sp. cf. formosanus, T. sp. cf. lugens / glabrescens-type) are recorded for the first time in the fauna of Ukraine.
New water-immiscible cationic biocide 1-dodecylpyridinium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (PyrC 12 -DBS) has been synthesized and tested as potential antifouling agent for commercial alkyd paint PP-115 (Ukraine). The modified PP-115/PyrC 12 -DBS coatings containing 8% and 16% (w/w) of PyrC 12 -DBS were prepared by dissolution directly of the cationic biocide into the PP-115 paint. Once the stainless steel bars were painted, the surface wettability of the coating was found to be significantly increased when modified with cationic biocide. The results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) studies indicate high homogeneity of the modified coatings. Infrared analysis revealed hydrogen bonding between ester groups of alkyd resin and pyridinium cations of PyrC 12 -DBS. The plasticizing effect of the cationic biocide on the alkyd binder has also been revealed by differential scanning calorimetry analysis. According to spectrophotometric analysis data, PyrC 12 -DBS has excellent resistance to leaching from protective coatings into water. Antibiofilm efficiency of PyrC 12 -DBS was evaluated by assessing the capability of two biofilm-forming model strains, namely Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01, to form attached biofilms on the surface coated with modified alkyd paint. A significant decrease in biofilm metabolic activity, as well as in cell biomass, was determined for PP-115/PyrC 12 -DBS (16%) coatings. The antifouling activity was evaluated by exposure to experimental substrates in freshwater (Dnipro River) for 143 days. The surface of PP-115/PyrC 12 -DBS (16%) coatings showed an almost 13-fold reduction of total biomass formed by Dreissenidae mussels compared with control substrates. Overall, the obtained data indicate that the contact-active protective coatings based on water-insoluble polymer matrix and water-insoluble cationic biocide may effectively resist biofouling at relatively high biocide content.
