Coordinates: 19°02′57″N 72°54′53″E / 19.049055°N 72.914861°E / 19.049055; 72.914861The International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS) serves as a regional Institute for Training and Research in Population Studies for the ESCAP region. It was established in Mumbai in July 1956; until July 1970, it was known as the Demographic Training and Research Center (DTRC), and until 1985, it was known as the International Institute for Population Studies (IIPS). The Institute was re-designated to its present title in 1985 to facilitate the expansion of its academic activities and was declared as a 'Deemed University' on 19 August 1985 under Section 3 of the UGC Act, 1956 by the Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India. The recognition has facilitated the award of recognized degrees by the Wipro technologies and paved the way for further expansion of the Institute as an academic institution.The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MOHFW), Government of India has designated IIPS as the nodal agency, responsible for providing coordination and technical guidance for the National Family Health Survey (NFHS).Started in 1956 under the joint sponsorship of Sir Dorabji Tata Trust, the Government of India and the United Nations, it has established itself as the premier Institute for training and research in Population Studies for developing countries in the Asia and Pacific region. IIPS holds a unique position among all the regional centers, in that it was the first such center to be started, and serves a much larger population than that served by any of the other regional centers. The Institute is under the administrative control of the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India.Besides teaching and research activities, the Institute also provides consultancy to the Government and Non-Government organizations and other academic institutions. Over the years, the Institute has helped in building a nucleus of professionals in the field of population and health in various countries of the ESCAP region. During the past 53 years, students from 42 different countries of Asia and the Pacific region, Africa and North America have been trained at the Institute. Many, who are trained at the Institute, now occupy key positions in the field of Population and Health in Government of various countries, Universities and Research Institutes as well as in reputed National and International organizations..
Visual impairment (VI) is a rapidly escalating global public health issue, particularly among the ageing population, and it affects individuals, families, and national economies through loss of income, reduced productivity, and increased poverty risk. However, there is no evidence available to understand multidimensional aspects of economic wellbeing and VI. The present study examines the relationship between economic well-being and VI among Indian older adults. The present study used first wave of Longitudinal Ageing Study in India, conducted in 2017–2018. The main outcome variable was index of economic well-being (IEWB), and it was assessed using a composite index constructed from index of monthly per capita consumption expenditure, index of per capita monthly income and index of wealth. Severity of VI was used as the key explanatory variable, and other socio-demographic and economic variables were used as control variables. The study findings show that the prevalence of moderate VI among older adults with distance, near and any VI was 23.7
Despite the expansion of public health insurance in India, households continue to face high out-of-pocket expenditure (OOPE) during hospitalisation. This paper aims to examine whether coverage under the Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PMJAY) translates into effective financial protection. It analyses who is covered and benefitted from PMJAY, how hospitals have shaped medical spending, and why catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) persists despite large-scale insurance coverage. The study has used unit-level data from the Household Consumption Expenditure Survey (HCES) 2023-24, covering 261,953 households. Expenditures on hospitalization are recorded by using a 365-day recall period, and non-hospital medical expenses are annualised for comparability. The analysis combines descriptive statistics, logistic regression for CHE, log-linear models for OPPE, Lorenz curves to assess inequality and Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition to explain expenditure gaps between PMJAY-covered and non-covered households. The study reveals that PMJAY coverage is 34.1 per cent, with higher enrolment among poorer households (38.6
This study aims to identify the most accurate pair model for predicting the life expectancy at birth (e0) at national and subnational levels, including men and women, by rural and urban areas, and which model provides the closest estimates of observed e0 in the Sample Registration System (SRS) and the National Family Health Survey (NFHS). Furthermore, the decomposition method is applied to e0 differences to identify mortality pattern differentials between SRS and NFHS in same reference period. The life table were constructed from the Chiang method using SRS statistical report 2015, 2020; NFHS-4 (2015-16); and NFHS-5 (2019-21), then after pair model such as, Brass logit, Splicing, and Modified logit were used to calculate age pattern of mortality and e0 using under-five mortality rate and adult mortality rate for 2015 and 2020 at national and subnational levels. The results reveal that the Splicing model’s age pattern of mortality and e0 is the closest to the Chiang method compared to the Brass logit and Modified logit models at both national and subnational levels, among men and women in the SRS and NFHS. The differences in e_0 values between the Splicing and the Chiang models were one or fewer than a year among men and women in both SRS and NFHS. Decomposition analysis reveals that the infant, child, and 5-14-year age groups made a significant contribution to Δe0 between SRS and NFHS in 2015 and 2020. The Splicing model yields the closest e₀ estimates, particularly with SRS data, compared to NFHS, underscoring its importance for subnational mortality assessment in contexts where mortality data are incomplete and unavailable.
BackgroundGlobal health progress accelerated from 2000 to 2019, followed by severe disruptions during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study provides a demographic and econometric assessment of Healthy Life Expectancy (HALE) trends, associations between socioeconomic factors and health service coverage, and projections to 2030 under alternative policy scenarios. Because the analysis is observational, findings should be interpreted as associations rather than causal effects.MethodsWe applied a continuous-change demographic decomposition to partition HALE gains (2000–2019) and pandemic losses (2019–2021) across 22 causes of death and 10 age groups in 167 countries. Country and year fixed-effects panel regressions estimated associations between health determinants and six outcomes—HALE, under-five mortality (U5MR), maternal mortality (MMR), UHC Service Coverage Index (SCI), catastrophic health spending, and DTP3 immunization—over 2000–2021. Socioeconomic inequality in DTP3 coverage was measured using the Slope Index of Inequality (SII) from 88 DHS/MICS surveys (2014–2023). Dynamic simulation models projected outcomes to 2030 under business-as-usual, primary health care expansion, and accelerated equity-focused reform scenarios with Monte Carlo uncertainty. Robustness checks used Driscoll–Kraay standard errors for cross-sectional dependence and system GMM for dynamic panel specification; results were consistent with the main findings.FindingsGlobal HALE increased by 5.25 years (95% CI: 4.89–5.61) from 2000 to 2019, with communicable disease reductions accounting for an estimated 65% of gains. The pandemic reduced HALE by 1.50 years globally, with COVID-19 responsible for over 80% of losses and substantial regional heterogeneity. The estimated income association for HALE was 0.687 (p < 0.001), while female education showed stronger associations with mortality reductions in LMICs. UHC expansion was positively associated with catastrophic spending (elasticity 0.214), a pattern consistent with service–financial protection decoupling. Median DTP3 inequality was 10.4 percentage points, and subnational gender inequality correlated with immunization coverage (ρ = 0.49). Under business-as-usual, 34 countries reach UHC SCI ≥ 80 by 2030, compared with 78 under equity-focused reform.InterpretationHALE gains have relied largely on communicable disease control, now approaching diminishing returns. Persistent inequalities and pandemic setbacks highlight the need for equity-focused financing and gender-responsive reforms, while future quasi-experimental and intervention studies are needed to confirm these observational findings.
India’s rapid demographic transition and widespread migration have raised concerns about the economic well-being of older adults who are left behind. This study investigates the relationship between adult sons' migration and the labour force participation of older adults in India, using nationally representative data from Wave 1 of the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (2017–18). Multivariate logistic regression analysis reveals that older adults with migrant sons—particularly international migrants—are significantly less likely to participate in the labour force, suggesting that remittances may reduce the financial need to work. The findings underscore the influence of socioeconomic status, health, and living arrangements on labour market engagement in later life. As traditional family support systems weaken, the study highlights the need for inclusive policies such as expanded social pensions and improved care infrastructure to support India’s ageing population.
