JTI - Japan Tobacco International is the international tobacco division of Japan Tobacco, a leading international tobacco product manufacturer. The holding company is JT International SA and headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, and sells its brands in 120 countries.As of 2018, JTI employed around 40,000 people around the world at 400 offices, 27 factories, five research and development centers, and five tobacco-processing facilities.Eddy Pirard is the president and CEO, and Koji Shimayoshi is the deputy CEO and executive vice president for business development and corporate strategy.
The use of electrically heated tobacco products (eHTP) has increased worldwide and offers a potentially less harmful alternative to combustible cigarettes. In this paper, several parameters related to tobacco combustion were investigated using the Direct Heating Tobacco System Platform 3 Generation 1 (DT3.1). The onset of tobacco combustion was observed at approximately 400 °C. The maximum heater temperature remained below the ignition temperature of tobacco and the stick temperature did not exceed the heater temperature during the heating process. No visible ash formation was observed with the stick after use, and solid particles were not observed in the DT3.1 aerosol, in contrast to their presence in 1R6F cigarette smoke. The emission levels of three combustion-related molecules (carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide, and nitrogen oxides) in the DT3.1 aerosol were > 99 % lower than those in 1R6F cigarette smoke, and 31 selected constituents were not increased in the presence of oxygen. Collectively these findings shows that the inhalable nicotine-containing aerosol formed during DT3.1 use is generated by thermal evaporation, distillation, and torrefaction under heating. This process eliminates combustion and restricts thermal conversion, which occur in combustible tobacco products. Furthermore, the absence of tobacco combustion in eHTPs is proposed to contribute to the reduction of harmful and potentially harmful constituents and the potential reduced risk profile of such products.
Abstract Objectives This in vitro study assessed the potential of tooth discoloration by aerosols generated from three heated tobacco products (HTPs) with different specifications: in‐direct heating tobacco system platform 1.0a (IT1.0a), in‐direct heating tobacco system platform 2.0a (IT2.0a), and direct heating tobacco system platform 3.0a (DT3.0a). In addition, three flavor types (regular, menthol, and berry menthol) were selected for each HTP to characterize the effect of flavor types on tooth discoloration. Material and Methods Six bovine tooth samples were exposed directly to aerosols generated from one pack of each HTP: 350 puffs for IT1.0a, 325 puffs for IT2.0a, and 220 puffs for DT3.0a. Six bovine tooth samples were also exposed to air (350 puffs) and smoke generated from one pack of cigarettes (160 puffs) as negative and positive controls, respectively. The color of each tooth sample was measured before and after exposure. The overall color changes were assessed using overall color differences (ΔE) calculated according to the Commission International de I'Eclairage color system. A one‐way analysis of variance followed by Tukey's post hoc test was used to compare ΔE among bovine tooth samples exposed to air, cigarette smoke, and aerosols generated from each HTP. Results ΔE values for tooth samples exposed to air and aerosols generated from the three HTPs (IT1.0a, IT2.0a, and DT3.0a) were significantly lower than ΔE value for tooth samples exposed to cigarette smoke. ΔE values obtained with DT3.0a were significantly higher than those obtained with air‐exposed control samples. However, ΔE values obtained with IT1.0a and IT2.0a were not significantly different from that obtained with air‐exposed control samples. No HTPs showed significant differences in ΔE values among the three flavor types. Conclusions This study showed that HTP aerosols reduce tooth discoloration potential compared with cigarette smoke, regardless of flavor types, and the tooth discoloration potential of the product may depend on product specifications.
The study was carried out at Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka from December 2018 to April 2019, to find out the agronomic practices on the growth and yield of Boro The trial was conducted with two rice varieties namely V1 (BRRI dhan84) and V2 (BRRI hybriddhan5), and 5 different agronomic practices such as M0 (no management), where variety in maim-plot and management practices in sub-plot. The results showed significant variations in weed severity, and l yield of Boro rice. Specific observations included plants reaching heights of 24.81 cm, 51.56 cm, 86.71 cm, and 119.21 cm at 20, 45, 70 days after transplanting (DAT), and at harvest, respectively. V2 exhibited a higher grain yield (5.36 t ha−1) but a reduced straw yield (4.97 t ha−1) compared to V1. Generally, regardless of the agronomic practices, BRRI dhan84 exhibited greater plant height, except under the 'no management' practice. The grain yield (6.70 t ha−1) was obtained with M6, and the maximum straw yield (6.55 t ha−1) to M4. The interaction effects showed that highest grain yield (7.35 t ha−1) from V2M6, while with V1M0.The most significant yield reduction for BRRI dhan84 was 84% with no management and 80% with no fertilizer, while BRRI hybriddhan5 showed a 71% reduction under similar conditions. Bangladesh Agron. J. 2023, 26(1): 104-111
Non-clinical in vitro studies were conducted to investigate the characteristics of extracts from tobacco free nicotine pouches alongside a reference snus product and/or 1R6F reference cigarette. In vitro investigations were conducted in the Neutral Red Uptake (NRU) cytotoxicity assay, Bacterial Reverse Mutation (Ames) assay, and in vitro Mammalian Cell Micronucleus (ivMN) assay. These products were also investigated for their oral irritation potential in the EpiGingival™ 3D tissue model. Results from the Ames, in vitro Micronucleus and NRU assays indicated that the tested products were non-mutagenic, non-genotoxic and non-cytotoxic in contrast to results obtained for the 1R6F reference cigarette. Results from Complete Artificial Saliva (CAS) extracts from these products also failed to be classified as irritants (as measured using the MTT assay), in the EpiGingival™ 3D tissue model.
The emergence of new tobacco heating products and electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) is changing the way humans are exposed to nicotine. The purpose of this narrative review is to provide a broad overview of published scientific literature with respect to the effects of nicotine on three key health-related areas: 1) cardiovascular risk, 2) carcinogenesis and 3) reproductive outcomes. These areas are known to be particularly vulnerable to the effects of cigarette smoke, and in addition, nicotine has been hypothesized to play a role in disease pathogenesis. Acute toxicity will also be discussed. The literature to February 2019 suggests that there is no increased cardiovascular risk of nicotine exposure in consumers who have no underlying cardiovascular pathology. There is scientific consensus that nicotine is not a direct or complete carcinogen, however, it remains to be established whether it plays some role in human cancer propagation and metastasis. These cancer progression pathways have been proposed in models in vitro and in transgenic rodent lines in vivo but have not been demonstrated in cases of human cancer. Further studies are needed to determine whether nicotine is linked to decreased fertility in humans. The results from animal studies indicate that nicotine has the potential to act across many mechanisms during fetal development. More studies are needed to address questions regarding nicotine exposure in humans, and this may lead to additional guidance concerning new ENDS entering the market.
