Sea cucumber male gonads are valuable by-products of sea cucumber processing. However, it remains unknown whether sea cucumber male gonads are capable of resisting testicular damage and spermatogenesis disorder. Animal experiments showed that sea cucumber male gonad peptide (SCSP) supplementation can promote the quality of sperm and the integrity of the blood-testis barrier (BTB) and maintain the normal morphological structure of both the testicles and epididymides. In addition, SCSP reduced testicular oxidative stress and decreased serum TNF-alpha and IL-6 levels by 42.27% and 22.60%, respectively. Immunohistochemical staining showed that SCSP facilitated the expression of Bcl-2, ZO-1, and occludin in testes. Correspondingly, SCSP significantly promoted the expression of Bcl-xl, tubulin, beta-catenin, and connexin 43 and decreased the expression of Bax, Bad, Caspase-3, and p-p38 MAPK. The findings of this study suggested that SCSP alleviated testicular damage and spermatogenesis disorder not only by inhibiting inflammation and cell apoptosis but also by promoting the recovery of the BTB structure by restraining the p38 MAPK signaling pathway. The findings provide potential value for exploiting future food in SCSP applications. (c) 2027 The authors. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Knowledge of urban infrastructure deterioration is fundamental to urban mobility, safety, and economic activity, and spatial prediction models are increasingly used to estimate deterioration at unobserved locations. However, existing validation practices still rely largely on accuracy and goodness-of-fit metrics that summarize overall prediction performance, but provide limited capacity to diagnose how model adequacy varies across space and across individual explanatory variables. To address this gap, we develop a Shapley-based local validation (SLV) indicator to assess the local effectiveness of spatial prediction models by comparing the local interpretability of individual variables on dependent variable and residuals. SLV first defines a local neighborhood using a semivariogram-informed range, then computes Shapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) values for both predictions and residuals, and finally derives local validation scores that can be mapped and summarized for model comparison. A simulation study with known explanatory and residual spatial components shows that the SLV indicator can distinguish models with similar conventional accuracy but different spatial patterns of local explanatory adequacy. The SLV framework is implemented to validate machine-learning models for predicting urban infrastructure deterioration using vehicle-based laser-scanning data in Perth, Australia; conventional metrics selected Random Forest as the most accurate model (root mean square error (RMSE) = 68.52, mean absolute error (MAE) = 49.62, R2 = 0.645), while SLV provided a complementary local-reliability assessment, with variable-level validation scores ranging from 0.73 to 0.97 for Random Forest compared with 0.36 to 0.71 for the weakest model. SLV provides a transferable principle for spatially explicit model validation, with implementation remaining scale- and context-sensitive.
In the context of China's green transition, this study examines the impact of CEO green experience (CGE) on green total factor productivity (GTFP) of Chinese listed companies, and investigates the moderating roles of ESG fund holdings and CEO duality. Based on the panel data of Chinese A-share listed companies from 2015 to 2023, we use multiple regression models, robustness tests, endogeneity tests, and heterogeneity analyses to verify the research hypotheses. Our results demonstrate the following: (1) CGE significantly enhances corporate GTFP. (2) ESG fund holdings and CEO duality positively moderate the relationship between CGE and GTFP. (3) The improvement of green technological efficiency (GTE) and the promotion of green technological progress (GTP) are the two core channels for CGE to enhance GTFP. (4) The promotion effect of CGE on GTFP is more pronounced in non-state-owned enterprises and regions with advanced infrastructure, and reducing managerial myopia can amplify this positive effect. This study enriches research on executive heterogeneous traits and corporate green development and provides targeted, practical recommendations for corporate green talent governance and government green development policymaking.
A mesoporous SBA-15-anchored phosphine-gold(i) complex [SBA-15-Ph2P-AuCl] was prepared via immobilization of 3-(diphenylphosphino)propyltriethoxysilane onto SBA-15, followed by reaction with Me2SAuCl. With the use of 5 mol% SBA-15-Ph2P-AuCl as a catalyst and 5 mol% AgPF6 as a cocatalyst, the hydrophosphoryloxylation reaction of alkynes with diphenyl phosphate proceeded smoothly in toluene under mild conditions to deliver a wide array of kinetic enol phosphates in good to excellent yields with wide tolerance of functional groups. Besides, the regio- and stereoselective hydrophosphoryloxylation of 1-haloalkynes with diphenyl phosphate also proceeded effectively in the presence of 5 mol% SBA-15-Ph2P-AuCl/AgOTf in toluene at 50 degrees C, affording (Z)-alkenyl halophosphates in high yields. This new heterogenized phosphine-gold(i) catalyst could be conveniently recovered by centrifugation of the reaction mixture and recycled several times without a significant loss of catalytic activity.
Latency-reversing agents (LRAs) are molecular entities designed to reactivate latent HIV proviruses for subsequent elimination by the immune system or antiviral therapies. Interestingly, in our systematic exploration of fungal pigment diversity, the marine-derived strain Microsphaeropsis arundinis P1B was identified as a prolific azaphilone producer through phenotype-guided screening, suggesting that such fungal compounds may serve as novel LRAs with enhanced efficacy. Further investigation of its solid-fermented rice medium yielded 18 unprecedented sclerotiorin-type azaphilones (microsphazaphilones H–Y, 1–18). Extensive spectroscopic analysis, modified Mosher’s method, TDDFT-ECD calculation, and X-ray diffraction were used to determine their structures including absolute configurations. These compounds exhibit remarkable structural novelty, manifested by features such as unprecedented di- to tetra-carbon truncations in side chains, diverse oxidative modifications (e.g., epoxidation, hydroxylation), or unique stereochemical configurations in the pyranoquinone core. Biological screening identified microsphazaphilone W (16) as a potent HIV LRA. Mechanistic studies confirmed 16 reactivated latent HIV through NF-κB pathway activation, positioning it as a promising candidate for “shock and kill” strategies.
