Accurate soil organic carbon (SOC) mapping is vital for sustainable agriculture in black soil regions. Although remote sensing offers an efficient and cost-effective approach for characterizing the spatial distribution of SOC, three major bottlenecks persist: single source data cannot fully represent SOC dynamics, traditional models struggle with complex nonlinearities, and spatial heterogeneity limits global models from reflecting local pedogenic mechanisms. To address these, this study developed a hybrid framework for the Songnen Plain integrating a zonal ensemble strategy with deep learning. Using Google Earth Engine, a dataset was constructed with multi-temporal Sentinel-1 radar, Sentinel-2 optical data, and topographic covariates from 2020 to 2024, covering both bare soil (April–May) and growing seasons (June–August). A prediction model combining Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) clustering and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks was developed using 640 topsoil samples. Results indicate: (1) the FCM-LSTM zonal ensemble achieved optimal performance on the independent hold-out test set (R² = 0.84, RMSE = 3.20 g kg⁻¹); (2) multi-temporal data fusion effectively enhanced accuracy; compared to relying solely on bare soil data, including growing season data increased the R² of Sentinel-2 and Sentinel-1 by 0.08 and 0.03, respectively; and (3) the synergistic use of multi-temporal radar and optical data, supplemented with environmental covariates, significantly improved SOC prediction. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of integrating multi-temporal remote sensing with a zonal ensemble strategy, providing a robust methodological template for high-precision tillage management and soil fertility preservation in critical black soil regions.
Animal gut microbiomes—comprising bacteria, archaea, fungi, viruses, and protozoa—are fundamental to host evolution, physiology, and ecosystem resilience. This review synthesizes 21st-century advances in their diversity, spatiotemporal dynamics, and functional roles across the animal kingdom. Although high-throughput metagenomics has transformed the field, major biases remain: most studies still focus on domesticated vertebrates and fecal samples, leaving substantial “microbial dark matter” in wild hosts, invertebrates, and non-bacterial domains unexplored. We highlight how gut microbiomes mediate adaptation to environmental extremes, including hypoxia, temperature stress, and toxins, and how industrialization disrupts these communities, contributing to biodiversity loss and disease risk. We further integrate eco-evolutionary theory, multi-omics, and spatial modeling to clarify cross-kingdom interactions and functional networks. Finally, we discuss translational applications—including probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), phage therapy, and synthetic consortia—and emphasize the need for global collaborative initiatives, artificial intelligence (AI)-driven discovery, and standardized databases to unlock the full potential of animal gut microbiomes for biodiversity conservation, climate resilience, and planetary health in the coming decades.
Recent years have witnessed increasing damage to water ecosystems, elevating the importance of environmental protection. The activation of persulfate using modified biochar materials has attracted widespread attention due to its efficient generation of highly oxidative reactive species, enhanced degradation of refractory pollutants, facile preparation, and environmental benignity. However, comprehensive analyses of research trends and advances in this field remain scarce. To address this gap, this study retrieved relevant publications from the Web of Science Core Collection database (2011—2024). After rigorous screening, 839 research articles were selected for bibliometric visualization analysis using CiteSpace, RStudio, and VOSviewer. Through temporal analysis of publication outputs, identification of top 10 highly cited papers, keyword co-occurrence clustering, and timezone mapping, this study systematically reveals the evolutionary patterns and research hotspots in this field. By examining cutting-edge research, analyzing current frontiers, and synthesizing development trends, this work provides valuable insights and guidance for future research directions.
The long-term application of chemical nitrogen fertilizers has caused soil acidification, which has had a negative impact on soil quality. Because bioremediation is environmentally friendly, free from secondary pollution, and capable of providing long-term improvement, microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) was adopted in this study for the remediation of acidified soils. MICP is a biomineralization process whereby microorganisms induce the formation of inorganic mineral precipitates through their metabolic activities. In this study, a lignocellulose-degrading fungal strain (Irpex lacteus IL-1) was isolated and co-cultured with a laboratory-preserved urea-hydrolyzing bacteria (Bacillus megaterium CM-1), together with maize straw, to ameliorate acidified soils. After 7 days of mineralization of the composite microbial system in the laboratory, the presence of IL-1 increased the urease activity of CM-1 and the mineralized CaCO3 production by 91.63
Biological control, which relies on natural enemies to suppress insect pest populations, is a cornerstone of sustainable agriculture. However, its efficacy depends on plant-mediated interactions that influence predator and parasitoid behaviour. Prohydrojasmon (PDJ), a jasmonate analogue, primes plant defences against herbivores, but its effects on tritrophic interactions remain understudied. Here, we investigated how PDJ treatment of Brassica juncea L. (Brassicaceae) alters the behaviour and efficacy of three aphid parasitoids (Diaeretiella rapae, Aphidius gifuensis, Aphidius colemani) and two predators (Coccinella septempunctata, Harmonia axyridis) at 24 h (PDJ24) and 48 h (PDJ48) post-treatment. Using parasitoid landing assays, foraging trials, parasitism rate evaluations, olfactometer bioassays, predator preference tests, and volatile profiling, we assessed PDJ’s temporal impact on tritrophic dynamics. Results showed that PDJ48 increased foraging duration and parasitism rates in D. rapae (at 24 h and 48 h) and A. gifuensis (48 h only), while A. colemani remained unaffected. PDJ48 also enhanced H. axyridis settlement and aphid consumption, with predators showing no preference for PDJ24-treated plants. Olfactometer assays revealed stronger attraction of D. rapae and A. gifuensis to PDJ48-induced volatiles, aligning with delayed landing responses (24 h for D. rapae; 48 h for A. colemani) and prolonged foraging. PDJ48 increased parasitoid retention on treated plants, suggesting improved host-location cues, whereas C. septempunctata exhibited no preference. These findings demonstrate that PDJ application at 48 h post-treatment enhances tritrophic interactions by synchronising plant defence induction with natural enemy recruitment, while PDJ24 effects were transient or absent. Our study underscores PDJ’s potential as a sustainable tool to synergise plant resistance and biological control, offering a timed application strategy for integrated pest management in Brassica crops.
