Recent years have witnessed increasing damage to water ecosystems, elevating the importance of environmental protection. The activation of persulfate using modified biochar materials has attracted widespread attention due to its efficient generation of highly oxidative reactive species, enhanced degradation of refractory pollutants, facile preparation, and environmental benignity. However, comprehensive analyses of research trends and advances in this field remain scarce. To address this gap, this study retrieved relevant publications from the Web of Science Core Collection database (2011—2024). After rigorous screening, 839 research articles were selected for bibliometric visualization analysis using CiteSpace, RStudio, and VOSviewer. Through temporal analysis of publication outputs, identification of top 10 highly cited papers, keyword co-occurrence clustering, and timezone mapping, this study systematically reveals the evolutionary patterns and research hotspots in this field. By examining cutting-edge research, analyzing current frontiers, and synthesizing development trends, this work provides valuable insights and guidance for future research directions.
Control over crystal polymorphism remains a critical challenge in materials design, with broad implications for pharmaceutical efficacy, device performance, and materials stability. Here, we present a facet-directed strategy for polymorph control of organic molecular crystals using morphology-defined CeO2 nanoparticles as heterogeneous nucleating agents. Cubic and octahedral CeO2, predominantly exposing the (100) and (111) facets, respectively, were employed to regulate the crystallization of three model polymorphic compounds: 5-methyl-2-[(2-nitrophenyl)amino]-3-thiophenecarbonitrile (ROY), tolfenamic acid (TFA), and carbamazepine (CBZ). Under identical conditions, CeO2(100) consistently induced the formation of thermodynamically stable polymorphs-ON for ROY, Form I for TFA, and Form III for CBZ-whereas CeO2(111) preferentially promoted metastable forms-YN, Form II, and Form II, respectively. In situ optical microscopy revealed distinct nucleation kinetics and growth morphologies between the two facets. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations of ROY adsorption further revealed stronger binding on the (100) surface, rationalizing the observed polymorph selectivity. These findings establish a generalizable framework for facet-directed heterogeneous nucleation, offering a mechanistic basis for polymorph control via surface atomic structure and enabling rational design of nucleating agents in crystal engineering.
To enhance the service performance of titanium alloys for demanding high-end equipment applications, an h-BN/SiC-Ti-MAO composite coating was fabricated on Ti6Al4V via one-step micro-arc oxidation (MAO). Optimizing the SiC additive concentration offers an effective way to improve the overall performance of the composite coating in mechanical, tribological, oxidation resistance and anti-corrosion properties. The research results show that the coating prepared with 4g/L SiC yielded superior multifunctional properties. It possessed a dense microstructure with the lowest porosity (6.45%), high hardness (712HV) and excellent adhesion. This coating maintained a low friction coefficient of approximately 0.20 from RT to 500 degrees C and exhibited the best oxidation resistance at 600 degrees C, with a parabolic rate constant (K-P) of 3.33 & times; 10(-4). Electrochemical tests in 3.5wt.% NaCl solution further confirmed its optimal anti-corrosion, showing the lowest corrosion current density (3.325 & times; 10(-9)A/cm(2)). In contrast, insufficient SiC concentration results in limited performance improvement of the composite coating, whereas excessive concentration introduces microstructural defects, ultimately degrading the overall performance. This study demonstrates that optimized h-BN/SiC co-doping represents an effective strategy for developing high-performance MAO protective coatings on titanium alloys.
Volcanic magma plumbing systems is essential for understanding crustal-mantle material exchange and the dynamics of volcanic activity. The magnetotelluric method (MT) offers an effective tool for imaging conductive features from the crust to the lithospheric mantle. However, current survey strategies face a tradeoff between imaging resolution and acquisition cost. Here, we construct a lithosphere-scale synthetic model of a magma plumbing system and use 3D MT inversion, sensitivity analysis, and point spread function evaluation to assess the resolving capability of sparse versus dense arrays. Our results show that large-scale conductive anomalies in the mid-lower crust and lithospheric mantle can be reliably imaged using a sparse regional array with targeted densification in the crustal anomaly zone. This approach reduces field costs and computational demand. Guided by these findings, we conducted MT observations across the Longgang volcanic field and identified low-resistivity anomalies extending from the lithospheric mantle into the mid-lower crust. These features are consistent with the dense array MT inversion results. Our study demonstrates that an array strategy combining wide-area sparse coverage with targeted densification offers a cost-effective approach to image deep conductive structures, which may provide practical guidance for optimizing MT survey design in volcanic regions.
Rapid urbanization has intensified microclimatic deterioration in temperate monsoon cities, directly affecting human thermal comfort. This study investigates the regulatory effects of common street tree species under varying street aspect ratios (H/W) and orientations in Shenyang, China, a representative temperate monsoon city characterized by cold winters. Field surveys and questionnaire data were combined with ENVI-met simulations to quantify thermal comfort responses using the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI). Results demonstrate that street geometry strongly constrains microclimate regulation: streets with H/W = 1.2 and a SE-NW orientation achieved the most favorable balance between shading and ventilation, yielding the lowest UTCI values. Significant interspecies variability was observed: Golden Elm and Chinese Willow provided the greatest cooling benefits, whereas Ginkgo exhibited limited adaptability, particularly in enclosed or highly open canyons. A comparison with subjective thermal comfort votes confirmed strong model reliability, though discrepancies emerged in dense commercial areas due to non-meteorological factors. Based on these findings, a spatially driven, species-adaptive, and human-centered framework is proposed to optimize street greening strategies in a temperate monsoon city characterized by cold winters. This research provides quantitative evidence for urban greening design, highlights the necessity of integrating spatial form with tree-species selection, and offers practical guidance for resilient thermal comfort management in rapidly urbanizing cold-region cities.
