Kamineni Institute of Medical Sciences is a private medical college associated with a 1050 bed teaching Hospital located in Narketpally village, Nalgonda District, Telangana state of India on NH65 about 80 kilometers (50 miles) from the city of Hyderabad. The medical college hospital serves rural population in and around Narketpally. The college campus is known for its beautiful landscapes and the serene atmosphere. Besides local students from the state, students from all over the world come here to pursue Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (M.B.B.S.) Degree. The college is affiliated to Kaloji Narayana Rao University of Health Sciences and is approved by the Medical Council of India. The medical college is in the process of acquiring Deemed University status.
Background: Cervical cancer remains a major public health problem in developing countries, largely due to delayed diagnosis and inadequate screening. Pap smear cytology has long been the primary screening method, while colposcopy allows detailed evaluation of cervical abnormalities and facilitates targeted biopsy. Evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of these modalities is essential for early detection of clinically significant lesions. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Kamineni Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS), Narketpally, from January 2024 to December 2025. A total of 100 women aged 18–65 years presenting with symptoms or clinical features of an unhealthy cervix were included. Pap smear examination was performed using the Bethesda System 2014 classification. All participants underwent colposcopic examination followed by colposcopy-directed biopsy. Histopathology served as the gold standard for diagnosis. The diagnostic performance of Pap smear and colposcopy for detecting high-grade lesions (CIN2+) was calculated. Results: LSIL was the most common Pap smear abnormality (36%). Colposcopy demonstrated minor changes in 32% and major changes in 26% of cases. Histopathology confirmed CIN2+ lesions in 53% of women. Pap smear showed a sensitivity of 71.7% and specificity of 61.7%, whereas colposcopy demonstrated higher sensitivity (88.7%) but lower specificity (51.1%). Conclusion: Colposcopy showed superior sensitivity for detecting high-grade cervical lesions, while Pap smear remained a valuable screening tool. Combined use of Pap smear and colposcopy significantly improves early detection of cervical precancerous lesions.
Background: Cervical cancer (CC) is largely preventable through regular screening and HPV vaccination, yet awareness and utilization remain inadequate in many settings. Aim: To assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding CC screening and HPV vaccination among women and health personnel. Methods: This prospective hospital-based study was conducted in the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kamineni Institute of Medical Sciences, Narketpally, from September 2025 to March 2026. A total of 240 participants, including 160 women and 80 health personnel, were enrolled using a structured pretested questionnaire. Data on sociodemographic details, knowledge, attitude, and preventive practice were collected and analysed using SPSS version 22.0. Chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, logistic regression, and correlation analysis were applied. Results: Health personnel had significantly better awareness of CC, Pap smear, HPV infection, and HPV vaccination than women. Positive attitude towards screening and vaccination was also higher among health personnel. However, actual practice remained poor in both groups. Only a small proportion of women and health personnel had undergone Pap smear screening or received HPV vaccination. Conclusion: Despite relatively favourable awareness and attitude, preventive practices were inadequate. Focused education, counselling, and institution-based screening and vaccination strategies are essential.
Amoebic liver abscess (ALA) is the most common extra-intestinal manifestation of Entamoeba histolytica infection and may clinically mimic pyogenic liver abscess, leading to diagnostic confusion. We report a case of a 60-year-old male presenting with abdominal pain, diarrhea, and fever. Laboratory evaluation showed leukocytosis and elevated liver enzymes, while imaging revealed a ruptured liver abscess with intraperitoneal spillage, initially suggestive of a pyogenic abscess. The patient underwent exploratory laparotomy with right hemicolectomy, colostomy, and ileostomy. Histopathological examination demonstrated numerous trophozoites of Entamoeba histolytica with erythrophagocytosis, confirming amoebic liver abscess. This case underscores the importance of considering amoebic etiology in hepatic abscesses and highlights the crucial role of histopathology in establishing an accurate diagnosis. Keywords: Amoebic liver abscess, Entamoeba histolytica, Pyogenic liver abscess, Hepatic abscesss, Histopathology
Background: Formaldehyde is a common environment and industrial toxicant that is known to cause oxidative stress-mediated hepatotoxicity. Antioxidant and cytoprotective properties of natural compounds like Ferula asafoetida have been explored to alleviate such toxic effects. This study sought to compare the hepatoprotective and anti-proliferative properties of Ferula asafoetida on formaldehyde-induced liver damage in male albino rats, using biochemical, histological, and immunohistochemical methods. Materials and Methods: Thirty six adult male albino rats were randomly categorized into six groups (n = 6). Animals were given oral formaldehyde (10 mg/kg) and/or Ferula asafoetida extract (25 mg/kg) over a period of 42 days, after which they were allowed a 42 days recovery period in respective groups. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in serum at Days 15, 29, 43, and 85. The weight of the liver was measured at the conclusion of the experiment period. Hematoxylin and eosin staining were used to evaluate histopathological and Ki-67 immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate cellular proliferation. One-way ANOVA with Tukey post hoc test were used to conduct statistical analysis. Results: Formaldehyde exposure led to a substantial increase in the levels of AST, ALT, and ALP suggestive of progressive hepatocellular and hepatobiliary damage. Histological examination showed that the inflammation, fibrosis and hepatocellular apoptosis were significantly increased with a rise in Ki-67 expression, which indicated an improvement in cell proliferation. A partial response was on the co-administration of Ferula asafoetida to inhibit biochemical changes, histopathological injury and decrease Ki-67. The differences in liver weights of recovery groups were not statistically significant. Although there was some improvement, after the exposure was stopped, hepatic architecture and function could not fully recover. Conclusion: Ferula asafoetida shows moderate hepatoprotective and anti-proliferative effects against liver toxicity induced by formaldehyde, but does not completely reverse hepatic homeostasis. KEYWORDS: Formaldehyde, Ferula asafoetida, hepatotoxicity, Ki-67, immunohistochemistry, liver weight.
