Current management strategies for groin hernias in women are frequently based on data from male-dominated studies. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates clinical outcomes, complication rates, and recurrence risk specifically in female patients to provide evidence-based surgical recommendations. A systematic search of MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Embase was performed according to PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Studies reporting operative or conservative management of inguinal (IH) or femoral hernias (FH) in adult women were included. A meta-analysis of proportions was conducted using a random-effects model to pool outcomes including recurrence, mortality, and the need for bowel resection. Thirty-four studies comprising 107,422 IH and 18,550 FH cases were analyzed. No studies evaluated a “watch-and-wait” strategy in women. Elective surgery was associated with a low mortality rate (0.2
In this study, three TiO2-based thin film samples were fabricated, and their thickness-dependent optical properties and crystal structures were systematically investigated. The films, with thicknesses of 72 nm, 125 nm, and 283 nm, were deposited onto Si(111) substrates using the DC magnetron sputtering technique. The structural, morphological, and optical properties of the TiO2 thin films were comprehensively characterized using a combination of analytical techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and spectroscopic ellipsometry. XRD analysis confirmed that the films predominantly crystallized in the anatase phase with a high degree of crystallinity, while SEM images revealed smooth surface morphologies with a low density of structural defects. Raman spectroscopic results demonstrated the strong influence of film thickness and substrate effects on the optical and structural characteristics of the films. In particular, the increased intensity and narrowing of anataserelated phonon modes with increasing thickness indicated a progressive enhancement of crystalline ordering. FTIR spectroscopy and spectroscopic ellipsometry were employed to determine the optical band gap (Eg) values for each film thickness. For the 72 nm thick film, the optical band gap was estimated to be Eg approximate to 3.8-2.84 eV. At this low thickness, the substrate contribution remains significant, and the presence of mixed interfacial phases is evident. The 125 nm thick film exhibited an apparent band gap of Eg approximate to 4.13 eV. At this intermediate thickness, incomplete surface coverage and residual substrate influence result in an upward shift of the interband transition features. In contrast, the 283 nm thick film showed a band gap in the range of Eg approximate to 3.1-3.3 eV, which is consistent with the intrinsic optical properties of anatase TiO2. At this thickness, the film fully covers the substrate, effectively suppressing substrate-related optical contributions. These results confirm that the TiO2 thin films produced in this study exhibit high structural and optical quality, making them promising candidates for applications in photocatalytic and optoelectronic devices. Overall, the findings highlight that precise control of film thickness and thermal treatment parameters is crucial for optimizing the optical and photocatalytic performance of TiO2-based thin films.
Cousinia (Asteraceae: Cardueae) represents one of the most species-rich genera within the Irano-Turanian floristic region, yet interspecific relationships remain incompletely resolved. Here, nine chloroplast genomes from species endemic to the Pamir-Alay mountain system were newly sequenced and analyzed in combination with previously published complete chloroplast (cp) genome sequences and nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) data. The assembled cp genomes were highly uniform in size (approximately 152 kb), displayed the quadripartite organization of angiosperm chloroplasts, and possessed a GC content of 37.7%. Gene composition was largely conserved, with 131 annotated genes identified in most taxa. Examination of synonymous codon usage across 16 cp genomes revealed a consistent bias toward A/T-ending codons. Sliding-window analysis demonstrated generally low nucleotide diversity (Pi = 0-0.00918), although several divergence hotspots were detected, primarily within the large and small single-copy regions. Eleven categories of simple sequence repeats were identified, with A/T-rich mononucleotide motifs predominating. Phylogenetic reconstruction based on cp genomes data did not consistently recover morphologically defined sections as monophyletic, whereas the nrDNA dataset provided improved resolution of sectional delimitations. Comparative analysis of anther appendage morphology recognized nine structural groups and showed partial congruence with molecular evidence. Together, these findings highlight incongruence between chloroplast and nuclear signals and indicate that certain infrageneric classifications within Cousinia warrant re-evaluation.
In recent years, neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) has received growing interest and is now the standard of care for borderline resectable (BR) pancreatic cancer (PC) and locally advanced (LA) PC. Despite the proven benefits of both NAT and adjuvant therapy (AT), a critical question remains: whether patients undergoing pancreatectomy after NAT still benefit from additional adjuvant chemotherapy. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to answer that question and explore potential subgroups and regimens that increase or decrease a potential survival advantage. A comprehensive systematic literature search was performed. The primary outcome measure was overall survival (OS), expressed as hazard ratios (HRs). HRs and their corresponding 95
The work used a fraction of oil with a temperature range of 410-550 degrees & Scy;. The reactions of the heavy fraction of oil with 80-90% sulfuric acid were studied. Since it was difficult to separate the reaction products, these compounds were converted into their corresponding salts under the influence of alkali. Sulfohydated salts of bicyclic sulfur organic compounds contained in oil were obtained by hydrolytic decomposition of sulfo groups using a 25% sulfuric acid solution. The composition and structure of the obtained compounds were analyzed and studied using various IR spectrometers, thinlayer chromatography (TLC) and CHNS/O Elemental Analyzer. As is shown in the work the reaction of alkyl derivatives of bicyclic sulfur organic compounds with long aliphatic substituents in the side chain with sulfuric acid is a complete reaction and the reaction results in the formation of monosulfohydated products of the corresponding compounds.
