Koppal Institute of Medical Sciences is a government medical college established in 2015 and is located in Koppal, Karnataka. The college accommodates 150 undergraduate MBBS seats but no postgraduate seats. The medical college and the medical courses are recognized by Medical Council of India.
Abstract Hyalinization is a key histological feature that provides valuable insights into various dental and systemic conditions. It refers to the deposition of a glass-like, homogenous substance in tissues, often signaling tissue damage, necrosis, or abnormal collagen dynamics. In dentistry, hyalinization is observed in periodontal disease, orthodontic treatments, and dental pulp health, as well as in systemic conditions. During orthodontic treatment, excessive forces can induce ischemia in the periodontal ligament, leading to tissue necrosis and hyaline deposition. This not only impairs tooth movement but also prolongs treatment durations. Similarly, in the dental pulp, hyalinization due to trauma, mechanical stress, or radiotherapy can lead to fibrosis and necrosis, posing challenges for clinical management. Hyalinization is also significant in odontogenic tumors, cysts, and potentially malignant disorders, where alterations in the extracellular matrix play a critical role in disease progression. Its presence reflects complex interactions between epithelial cells and the surrounding stroma, which can influence disease behavior and outcomes. This review highlights the importance of understanding hyalinization in dental practice. By recognizing its role in various pathologies and its impact on treatment planning, clinicians can adopt more effective strategies to minimize damage.
Background: Prediabetes is increasingly recognized among adolescents in India and may be influenced by obesity, unhealthy dietary practices, physical inactivity and excessive screen exposure. Aim: To evaluate the association of screen time, junk-food consumption and physical inactivity with prediabetes among adolescents. Methods: This prospective observational study included 300 adolescents aged 12–18 years at Perkin Elmer Health Sciences, Chennai, November 2025 to February 2026. Demographic characteristics, family history, dietary habits, screen exposure and physical activity were recorded. Anthropometry, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c were assessed. Prediabetes was defined as fasting glucose of 100–125 mg/dL and/or HbA1c of 5.7–6.4%. Multivariable logistic regression identified independent predictors. Results: Prediabetes was detected in 48 (16.0%) adolescents. Prediabetic participants had significantly higher BMI, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, fasting glucose and HbA1c. Independent predictors included overweight/obesity (aOR 3.09), physical inactivity (aOR 2.74), family history of diabetes (aOR 2.36), screen time >4 hours/day (aOR 2.21) and frequent junk-food consumption (aOR 2.08). Conclusion: Adolescent prediabetes was associated with a clustering of modifiable lifestyle behaviours and excess adiposity, supporting targeted early screening and lifestyle intervention. Keywords: Adolescents; Junk food; Physical inactivity; Prediabetes; Screen time.
Diabetic macular edema (DME) is a leading cause of vision loss, with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents as standard therapy. However, comparative efficacy and safety remain debated. To evaluate anti-VEGF agents' efficacy/safety in DME by drug class, dosing, and baseline severity. A Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA)-compliant meta-analysis of 21 studies (2010-2024) was conducted. Random-effects models pooled mean differences (MD) for visual acuity (VA) and central retinal thickness. Subgroup analyses assessed anti-VEGF types, dosing regimens, and baseline severity. Aflibercept showed superior VA gains in severe DME (+8.2 letters; 95% CI: 6.1-10.3) compared with bevacizumab (+3.7 letters). Faricimab demonstrated non-inferiority to ranibizumab with extended dosing (every 16 weeks; +10.1 letters). Bevacizumab biosimilars were cost-effective but required more injections. Brolucizumab was associated with a higher risk of intraocular inflammation (RR = 2.1, 95% CI: 1.6-2.6). Monthly regimens outperformed PRN (MD: +2.5 letters, p < 0.001). Aflibercept remains optimal for severe DME, while faricimab reduces treatment burden. Safety and cost considerations favor individualized therapy. Heterogeneity was extremely high (I² = 97.19%), indicating substantial variability in treatment effects across studies, only partially explained by differences in drug class, dosing regimens, and baseline severity. This high heterogeneity underscores the need for personalized treatment approaches and cautious interpretation of pooled estimates.
Consent is an ethical and legal component in the healthcare system that safeguards patient autonomy and enables individuals to make decisions about their treatment. It also provides legal protection to medical practitioners and helps to improve the patient-doctor relationship. The current study aimed to assess the knowledge and awareness about various aspects of consent among medical students in a medical college. A cross-sectional, questionnaire-based observational study using Google Forms was undertaken among 254 medical students at Koppal Institute of Medical Sciences from December 2025 to March 2026. It was observed that the majority of the medical students demonstrated adequate awareness and knowledge regarding various aspects of consent in medical practice. However, knowledge related to consent in medicolegal cases, consent in relation to the Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act and Transplantation of Human Organs and Tissues Act and consent in medical emergencies was comparatively limited, highlighting the areas that require further strengthening. Medical students should upgrade and strengthen their knowledge and awareness regarding legal aspects of medicine to minimise litigation by regularly attending medicolegal programmes.
