Biphasic absorbents have attracted considerable attention because they can reduce the energy requirements of solvent regeneration during CO2 capture. In this study, a water-lean biphasic solvent system was developed by introducing polyether solvents into an aqueous amine solution. As the n-octanol-water partition coefficient (log P) of the polyether solvents increased, the solvent system transitioned from a homogeneous phase to a liquid-liquid biphasic system during CO2 absorption. Solvent screening identified the 3-(methylamino)propylamine (MAPA) / triethylene glycol monobutyl ether (TEGMBE) /water system as a promising formulation due to its high cyclic capacity and low viscosity. 13C NMR analysis revealed that CO2 absorption products such as MAPA-carbamate, protonated MAPA, and CO32-/ HCO3- were predominantly located in the lower phase. TEGMBE was predominantly distributed in the upper phase and functions as a physically inert phase-separating component. The cyclic loading and volume distribution of the rich phase were affected by TEGMBE concentration. When the TEGMBE content is 50 wt
We report the synthesis and application of UV-curable polyurethane acrylate (PUA) dielectrics with high dielectric constant (high-k) properties for low-voltage organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) and integrated logic circuits. Two PUA variants, MGH1000 and MGH3000, were synthesized by varying the molecular weight of the polyol precursors, enabling control over chain flexibility and dipolar polarization. Upon UV curing, both materials formed densely crosslinked networks with excellent mechanical and thermal stability. The dielectric films exhibited high k values (> 8), low leakage current densities (< 10−8 A cm−2 at 2 MV cm−1), and minimal frequency dispersion, particularly in MGH3000. These characteristics enabled the fabrication of high-performance OTFTs with low operating voltages (≤ 5 V), high field-effect mobility (up to 7.9 cm2 V−1 s−1), low subthreshold swing, and strong bias stress stability. Furthermore, photopatterned MGH dielectrics were integrated into functional NOT, NAND, and NOR logic gates, demonstrating reliable logic operation under low-voltage conditions. The combination of photo-patternability, high-k performance, and processing compatibility highlights the potential of these PUA dielectrics for next-generation organic electronics. UV-crosslinkable high-k polyurethane acrylate dielectrics enable low-voltage OTFTs and integrated logic circuits with reliable performance and photopatternability
Elevated levels of cancer microenvironmental parameters, such as glutathione (GSH), caused by genotoxic stress, is a key feature of colorectal cancer (CRC) that influences cancer cell survival, proliferation, and the progression of the disease. Current therapeutic procedures are targeted towards GSH-depleting drugs and commercial photothermal agents but suffer from genotoxicity, monitoring issues, and limited specific targeting-induced photo-therapeutic efficacy. Herein, the selective gelation temperature and photothermal efficacy of an injectable conductive hydrogel (HGC(PD@cPDA)) was developed for CRC monitoring and therapy by incorporating cancer microenvironment sensitive nanoparticles (PD@cPDA) into a hexanoyl glycol chitosan (HGC) matrix. In response to elevated GSH levels in CRC, PD@cPDA is cleaved, releasing carbonized polydopamine (cPDA), which alters gelation temperature, mechanical property and photothermal effect, enabling monitoring and therapeutic functions. Additionally, cPDA release affects the resistance and fluorescence signals of HGC (PD@cPDA) with Caco-2 and SNU-C2A (CRC) cells compared to that with the CCD-18 co (normal) cells. The therapeutic potential of HGC(PD@cPDA) was demonstrated in an ex vivo cancer model, leading to its application in an in vivo AOM/ DSS induced CRC mouse model. Photothermal heat from cPDA reduced tumor size by 82.3% by downregulating GPX7 and /3-catenin, which are responsible for tumor proliferation, thereby providing therapeutic relief.
In our previous study, we identified and characterized a rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I)-rich polysaccharide (MP-PE-I) derived from Malus prunifolia (MP), which exhibited notable immunomodulatory activity in IL-1β-stimulated intestinal epithelial cells. This study assessed the protective potential of MP-PE-I in a murine model of intestinal inflammation induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). MP-PE-I was administered orally for three consecutive weeks, during which it was well tolerated and markedly alleviated colitis-related clinical symptoms and pathological features, including colon shortening and splenomegaly. MP-PE-I treatment effectively modulated the DSS-triggered dysregulation of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, while restoring gene expression related to tight and adherens junctions. Histological evaluation confirmed that MP-PE-I mitigated DSS-induced structural damage in colonic tissue, including preservation of mucin-producing goblet cells. These protective effects were associated with alterations in MAPK- and NF-κB-related signaling pathways. Furthermore, MP-PE-I treatment significantly restored the DSS-induced reduction in short-chain fatty acid levels, accompanied by overall improvements in the gut microenvironment. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the anti-colitic potential of MP-derived RG-I-rich polysaccharides and support their further development as functional agents for intestinal health maintenance.
We study a harmonic oscillator weakly coupled to a thermal bath and evolving under the standard quantum-optical master equation. For zero-mean Gaussian states, entropy alone does not determine the internal energy because the latter also depends on nonequilibrium Gaussian structure. We show, however, that thermal relaxation yields the exact representation E=E(S,Ṡ) for every mixed Gaussian state evolving under this thermal quantum-optical master equation. Explicitly, E(S,Ṡ)= ων(S)/ν_ th[ ν(S)+ Ṡ/γS'(ν(S))]. Once the thermal GKLS equation is assumed, no further expansion in the damping rate, entropy rate, or distance from equilibrium is made. The entropy rate is not an alternative instantaneous state coordinate: it depends on the open-system dynamics and therefore carries information about the coupling to the bath. This is exposed by the isolated limit, where Ṡ=0 for all Gaussian states and the representation no longer determines the energy. The result thus identifies an exact thermalization-induced dynamical energetic relation, distinct from rate dependence generated by an external driving protocol. We also describe an operational test based on time-resolved purity and energy measurements. At fixed frequency the bath only relaxes pre-existing squeezing. We therefore also consider frequency modulation, which can drive an initially thermal state away from the instantaneous Gibbs family by generating off-Gibbs Gaussian structure. Within a local Gaussian continuation, the bath then relaxes this driven deformation, providing a dynamical realization of the entropy-rate dependence.
