To develop reference range for target oxygen saturation levels during the first 10 min of life in late preterm neonates born by cesarean delivery. A prospective observational study conducted at a tertiary hospital in India between April 2022 and September 2024 included 200 late preterm neonates delivered by cesarean section following delayed cord clamping. Preductal peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2), heart rate, and temperature were recorded every minute at 2–10 min after birth. The mean (SD) gestational age and birth weight were 35.6 (1.3) weeks and 2260 (496) g, respectively. The median (q1, q3) preductal SpO2 at 2, 5, and 10 min were 77 (70, 84), 88 (82, 92) and 95 (93, 96), respectively. The median (q1, q3) time taken to reach saturations of ≥ 80
Breast cancer has evolved as one of the leading cancer-related mortality particularly in low and middle-income countries including India. Studies revealed the changes in gut microbiota during breast cancer in different populations and in parallel, the Indian gut microbiome has unique features attributed to the different life style and dietary habits. This study is aimed at unravelling the taxonomic and functional gut microbiota changes in breast cancer patients of India. Faecal samples were collected from breast cancer patients (n = 22), benign (n = 08) and healthy controls (n = 30). The total metagenomic DNA was isolated and 16S rDNA sequencing was performed. The taxonomic data were correlated with clinical features of the breast cancer. The expression of microbial oncogenes was studied by qPCR. The microbiota reflects the unique feature of Indian gut microbiome including dominance of Segatella (formerly Prevotella ), Faecalibacterium and lactic acid bacteria. Among breast cancer patients, the increase in genera ( Bacteroides and Escherichia/Shigella ) associated with inflammation and toxin production and decrease in beneficial bacteria associated with short chain fatty acid production was observed. The qPCR analysis revealed the increased expression of microbial oncogenes associated with colibactin and cadaverine in breast cancer patients. Altogether this study showcases the uniqueness of gut microbiome in Indian breast cancer patients with expression of microbial oncogenes. Further studies on mechanistic details and association with longitudinal outcomes will lead to novel microbiota-based, geographic-specific strategies for early diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer.
There are a number of guidelines on how to manage ischemic heart disease (IHD), but inconsistencies in healthcare access, varying infrastructure, resource constraints and diverse local practices restrict their global applicability. This underscores the need for universal recommendations that address the unique challenges faced by patients and healthcare providers worldwide. Our Global Guidelines emphasize the incorporation of novel therapies, while integrating standards of care with the most up-to-date evidence to enable clinicians to optimize IHD management. These Global Guidelines provide evidence-based recommendations that represent a group consensus considering the previously published guidelines that have reviewed many of the issues related to the management of IHD but have also provided recommendations on several issues where resource limitations may put constraints on the evaluation and treatments provided to patients with IHD. Such recommendations aim to guide situations when resources are somewhat limited or when resources are severely limited. Hence, this document presents a comprehensive update to IHD management guidelines, thereby aiming to provide a unified strategy for the management of IHD that is applicable to all cardiovascular care worldwide.
Introduction: Chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) is a common neurosurgical condition in the elderly, frequently associated with trauma and antithrombotic therapy. Conventional surgical evacuation is effective but carries a significant risk of recurrence. Middle meningeal artery (MMA) embolization has recently emerged as a minimally invasive technique targeting the underlying vascular pathology of cSDH. This study aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of MMA embolization in the management of chronic subdural hematoma. Materials and Methods: This prospective observational study included 36 patients with radiologically confirmed cSDH who underwent MMA embolization, with or without surgical evacuation. Written informed consent was obtained and institutional ethical approval was secured. Clinical data, imaging findings, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), hematoma volume, recurrence, and need for re-surgery were recorded. Serial CT/MRI scans were performed postoperatively and during follow-up. Results: The mean age was 66.64 ± 13.10 years, with male predominance (88.89%). Headache was the most common presenting symptom (33.33%). Burr-hole evacuation was performed in 69.44% and craniotomy in 30.56%. Mean GCS improved significantly from 13.94 ± 1.37 on admission to 14.89 ± 0.32 at discharge (p = 0.0001). Subdural hematoma volume showed progressive and statistically significant reduction on both sides over follow-up (ANOVA p < 0.001). Conclusion: MMA embolization is a safe and effective adjunct in the treatment of chronic subdural hematoma, resulting in significant neurological improvement, sustained hematoma reduction, and low recurrence rates. It represents a promising minimally invasive strategy addressing the underlying pathophysiology of cSDH.
