Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) can infect humans through respiratory transmission, direct contact, and other routes, with the lungs being the most commonly affected site. In recent years, sporadic cases and localized outbreaks of human infection with avian influenza (HIAI) have emerged in multiple countries worldwide. Beyond the well-established subtypes, novel avian influenza strains-such as H7N4, H9N2, H10N8, and H10N3-continue to emerge, underscoring the ongoing public health threat posed by human avian influenza. In this context, imaging plays a crucial role in the early diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and assessment of treatment responses in human avian influenza infections. To further enhance imaging-based diagnosis and treatment, over 40 experts from multiple fields, including infectious diseases, radiology, pathology, laboratory medicine, immunology, and microbiology, collaborated to develop the expert consensus on the imaging diagnosis of HIAI. This consensus strictly adheres to evidence-based medicine principles and presents seven recommendations backed by robust scientific evidence. It integrates the latest research findings with clinical practice, aiming to provide clinicians with clear and definitive imaging diagnostic criteria and offer professional guidance on selecting appropriate imaging examination methods. This assists clinicians in more accurately addressing the diagnosis and treatment of human avian influenza infections.
Background:Vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC), although rare, poses substantial clinical challenges due to frequent late-stage diagnosis, quality-of-life-impairing surgical interventions, and the availability of limited therapeutic options following recurrence. Therefore, exploration of the pathogenesis of vulvar cancer, and identification of effective therapeutic targets based on the biological pathways of disease progression, offer great value in improving patients' survival duration and quality of life. Patients and Methods:Herein, we investigated the influence of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 (CXCL8) on the proliferation of vulvar squamous cancer cells and the underlying mechanisms, as well as their influence on the prognosis of patients with VSCC. Results:Using a combination of RNA sequencing and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database analysis, CXCL8 was identified as a differentially expressed gene in vulvar cancer tissue in comparison with adjacent normal tissue. Immunohistochemical analysis of selected clinical specimens revealed that CXCL8 was statistically upregulated in vulvar squamous cancer tissues in comparison with adjacent normal tissue, and this upregulation was correlated with shorter progression-free survival and overall survival. Functional assays demonstrated that CXCL8- mediated proliferation enhancement in VSCC cell lines (SW962/A431) in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Cell cycle analysis showed that exogenous CXCL8 drove a G0/G1-to-G2/M phase transition in SW962 and A431 cells. Transcriptomic profiling explored CXCL8-activated pathways, including cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling pathway, and tryptophan metabolism. Conclusion:These findings highlight CXCL8 as a potential prognostic biomarker for VSCC and underscore its role in driving tumor proliferation, providing a rationale for targeting CXCL8 in vulvar cancer therapy.
This study aimed to evaluate the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and clinical outcomes in patients hospitalized for acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF), and to establish a prognostic prediction model incorporating MetS. A retrospective cohort study was conducted involving 303 ACLF patients admitted to a tertiary hospital between May 2023 and May 2025. Patients were categorized into two groups based on their MetS status (MetS group vs. non-MetS group). The primary outcome was 90-day all-cause mortality. Propensity score matching (PSM) was employed to balance baseline characteristics. The association was assessed using multivariable Cox regression and logistic regression analyses after adjusting for confounders. Based on the results of the multivariable analysis, a nomogram model for predicting 90-day mortality was constructed. The model’s discriminative ability, calibration, and clinical utility were evaluated in both the training and testing sets using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA). After PSM, 206 patients (103 in the MetS group and 103 in the non-MetS group) were included in the final analysis. The 90-day mortality rate was significantly higher in the MetS group than in the non-MetS group (49.51
Multidrug- and rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (MDR/RR-TB) continues to pose a substantial global public health threat. Delamanid, a nitroimidazo-oxazole derivative, has demonstrated therapeutic benefit in controlled clinical trials; however, large-scale real-world safety data remain limited, particularly among Chinese patients. This study aimed to evaluate the safety of delamanid administered alongside optimized background regimens (OBRs) in a real-world cohort of Chinese patients with MDR/RR-TB and to provide additional evidence to inform clinical safety monitoring. A prospective, multicenter observational study was conducted at 26 hospitals across China from July 2020 to August 2023. A total of 608 patients with microbiologically confirmed MDR/RR-TB, pre-extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (pre-XDR-TB), or extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) who received delamanid plus OBRs were enrolled. Safety evaluations encompassed adverse events (AEs), serious adverse events (SAEs), adverse drug reactions (ADRs), and targeted monitoring of the QT interval corrected using Fridericia’s formula (QTcF). All data were captured using a standardized electronic data management system and analyzed with SAS 9.4. Of the 608 participants, 352 (57.9
Doravirine (DOR)-containing antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been recommended as first-line ART by China treatment guidelines since 2021. However, Real-world studies on DOR in China are scarce. We evaluated the real-world effectiveness of DOR-containing ART in Chinese people with HIV-1 (PWH), including treatment-naïve people regardless of viral load (VL) at baseline and treatment-experienced people regardless if they were virologic suppression (VS) or not. This was a retrospective, multicenter, observational study using medical chart review in seven hospitals, covering top-tier infectious disease hospitals across regions in China. All the participants who initiated DOR-containing ART during August 2021 and September 2023 were included and followed until September 2024. At baseline, higher proportions of the 352 participants were male (84.9
