The present article reports a study of sleep problems and motor development in children with motor disabilities that details the relation between the children's specific sleep problems, as reported by their parents on recall questionnaires, and their achievement of movement milestones, as assessed by Movement Education Program Assessment (MEPA-II). The results confirmed that there is a significant correlation between sleep problems and motor development. The higher the level of motor ability the children achieved, the less likely they were to experience sleep problems. Additionally, the findings shed light on which movement abilities are associated with which sleep problems. It is suggested that this information may have valuable implications for individual movement education programs designed to meet the needs of individual children.
This article presents a case study that focuses on daytime drowsiness in a child with severe intellectual and physical disabilities. Staying awake in the daytime is important to the establishment of 24-h sleep-wake rhythm. This study, which recorded a child’s daytime napping and his blink response to human stimuli, showed that an increase in the child’s blink response to his caregiver preceded an increase in his ability to stay awake during the daytime. It is suggested, then, that children’s responding to human stimuli is a key factor in their establishment of a 24-h sleep-wake rhythm.
Although smoking has already been proved to cause health problems and non-smoking programs have been widely promoted, the number of female adolescents smoking is increasing. The aim of this study is to derive the relationship between the smoking status and dietary habits of 870 female college students who responded to a questionnaire survey.The data indicate that 16.8% are current smokers, 9.1% are former smokers, and 74.1% are non-smokers. Of the current and former smokers, 52.0% started smoking at high school, 28.0% at college, 16.9% at junior high school and 0.9% at primary school. The earlier the starting time to smoke, the more were the number of cigarettes smoked a day. The current smokers missed more breakfasts and lunches, ate dinner at home less often, and took meals more irregularly than the non-smokers, with the results for former smokers being between the two.The frequency of eating potatoes, soy bean products, vegetables and fruits was lowest with the current smokers and then with the former smokers, while the frequency of drinking alcohol was highest with the current smokers and then with the former smokers. The current smokers and then the former smokers were more subject to an unsuitable diet than the non-smokers, putting them in poorer health than the non-smokers.The results show that the smoking habit of female college students was related to their dietary habits, so health and nutrition education for female college students should be focused on both not smoking and diet.
This paper provides our analysis and consideration on the Yosida house which was designed by Mokuzaemon Yokota, the master builder of Kumo school. As the result that we analyzed some related materials, for exampl the kiwari book that is like the timber detailed statement in the present time, we could restore the plan, the elevation, the section and the structure at the Yoshida house.
This paper offers the analysis of and concideration the houses in the architectural documents made by the master-builders, namely the Yokota family in the late Edo era. There are many obscure drawings in this documents, and so we will try to clear the name of them. As a result of our research, we can poit out the following findings: drawind I is the plan of Watanabe House, drawing II is Tanaka House, drawing III is Yomogita House A, drawing IV is Yomogita House B.
