Purpose: This study examines the factors influencing contraceptive use among women in Tanzania by applying Grossman’s Health Demand Model, which views health as a form of human capital. The goal is to analyze how socio-economic, demographic, and informational factors affect women’s choices among modern, traditional, and folkloric contraceptive methods versus non-use. Methods: Employing nationally representative data from the 2022 Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey (TDHS), the study employs a multinomial logit model to estimate the likelihood of selecting each contraceptive method. Grossman’s Health Demand Model offers the theoretical basis, framing contraceptive use as a preventive health investment. Independent variables include age, education, wealth status, media exposure, employment, marital status, and visits to health facilities. Findings: Results show that age, education level, employment status, higher wealth quintiles, radio exposure, and recent health facility visits significantly increase the chances of choosing modern contraceptive methods. Conversely, being married correlates negatively with contraceptive use, indicating the presence of sociocultural barriers that go beyond economic factors. Originality: This study applies Grossman’s Health Demand Model to contraceptive use in Tanzania, offering a new theoretical perspective by framing contraceptive behavior as a preventive health investment. By integrating socio-economic, demographic, and informational factors, it provides fresh insights into the roles of education, wealth, media exposure, and healthcare access in shaping contraceptive choices. Practical Implications: The results highlight the importance of education and economic empowerment in promoting modern contraceptive use. Policymakers should focus on educational programs, particularly for girls and young women, to boost health literacy and reproductive autonomy.
This research was carried out because researchers felt they had found several learning problems in LPBA Nurul Jadid, in the form of many of them feeling bored with the existing methods and finding it difficult to learn. The purpose of this research is to find out the increase in speaking skills of LPBA students through the use of the Brainstorming method. This research is a case study with a descriptive-qualitative approach, to obtain information about students' speaking abilities through the Brainstorming method at LPBA Nurul Jadid. Collecting data for this research by observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of this study prove that the implementation of the Brainstorming method at LPBA is very helpful for students in improving their speaking skills, students can understand what the other person is talking about better, speak logically and systematically, speak clearly, precisely, fluently and confidently when speaking because have been trained using the Brainstorming method
This paper explores the critical roles of Local and Regional Governments (LRGs) in the ‘localization’ of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) that facilitates the smooth attainment of the global goals. The paper regard localization of the SDGs as a key and inclusive approach in enhancing the successful implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals. According to the UN, Localization denotes the “process of defining; implementing; and monitoring strategies at the local level for the achievable global, national and sub-national sustainable goals and targets” (UNDP, 2014 a:3). This process would involve the utilization of distinct tools, mechanisms, strategies, platforms and innovations to ensure that the development agenda is effectively translated into firm action and concrete results at the local level to benefit communities. The Paper used documentary sources to gather information relevant to the thematic area. These included journal articles, books, Local and Regional Governments Reports. The researcher also examined best practices of Local and Regional Governments being the first level of public administration across the globe in the attainment of specific Sustainable Development Goals such as Quality education, decent work and economic growth, reduced inequalities, climate action, peace, justice and strong institutions and partnerships for the locals. The Paper strongly recommends that localization of the SDGs should become essential part of national strategies of Governments in order to accelerate the implementation of the global goals
While sporting governing bodies prepare guidelines and policies to comply with social distancing requirements and governmental guidelines, and some may feel that such changes threaten the very existence of their sport, is there a hidden opportunity to be found among the noise? Elite team sports generate significant financial wealth and widespread media attention, but grass-roots participation rates in many traditional team sports have been decreasing, especially over the last 5 years.1 2 This contrasts with some data suggesting that physical activity levels actually may be increasing overall across the general population, especially among women and older people.1 This begs the question, are sports losing touch with the general population, and are people turning to non-traditional sports and individual activities for leisure-time physical activity? First of all, why might people be turning away from traditional team sports? We know that some of the most frequently cited barriers to participating in sporting activities include: not feeling fit enough to participate; lack of time; poor accessibility; cost and fear of injury.3 4 However, as opposed to consigning these important findings to the pages of medical journals, could sports embrace these barriers as challenges to enhance participation, and secure their futures? Positively, there are ‘bright-spots’ around the world, where these challenges have …
